问题 问答题

A. (1)如题12A-1图所示,一演示用的“永动机”转轮由5根轻杆和转轴构成,轻杆的末端装有形状记忆合金制成的叶片,轻推转轮后,进入热水的叶片因伸展面“划水”,推动转轮转动。离开热水后,叶片形状迅速恢复,转轮因此能较长时间转动。下列说法正确的是

A.转轮依靠自身惯性转动,不需要消耗外界能量

B.转轮转动所需能量来自形状记忆合金自身

C.转动的叶片不断搅动热水,水温升高

D.叶片在热水中吸收的热量一定大于在空气中释放的热量

(2)如题12A-2图所示,内壁光滑的气缸水平放置。一定质量的理想气体被密封在气缸内,外界大气压强为P0。现对气缸缓慢加热,气体吸收热量Q后,体积由V1增大为V2。则在此过程中,气体分子平均动能_________(选填“增大”、“不变”或“减小”),气体内能变化了_____________。

(3)某同学在进行“用油膜法估测分子的大小”的实验前,查阅数据手册得知:油酸的摩尔质量M=0.283kg·mol-1,密度ρ=0.895×103kg·m-3.若100滴油酸的体积为1ml,则1滴油酸所能形成的单分子油膜的面积约是多少?(取NA=6.02×1023mol-1.球的体积V与直径D的关系为,结果保留一位有效数字)

B. (1)如图所示,沿平直铁路线有间距相等的三座铁塔A、B和C。假想有一列车沿AC方向以接近光速行驶,当铁塔B发出一个闪光,列车上的观测者测得A、C两铁塔被照亮的顺序是

 

(A)同时被照亮

(B)A先被照亮

(C)C先被照亮

(D)无法判断

(2)一束光从空气射向折射率为的某种介质,若反向光线与折射光线垂直,则入射角为__________。真空中的光速为c ,则光在该介质中的传播速度为________________ .

(3)将一劲度系数为K的轻质弹簧竖直悬挂,下端系上质量为m的物块,将物块向下拉离平衡位置后松开,物块上下做简谐运动,其振动周期恰好等于以物块平衡时弹簧的伸长量为摆长的单摆周期。请由单摆周期公式推算出物块做简谐运动的周期T。

C. (1)下列描绘两种温度下黑体辐射强度与波长关系的图中,符合黑体辐射规律的是

(2)按照玻尔原子理论,氢原子中的电子离原子核越远,氢原子的能量__________(选填“越大”或“越小”)。已知氢原子的基态能量为E1(E1<0),电子质量为m,基态氢原子中的电子吸收一频率为γ的光子被电离后,电子速度大小为___________(普朗克常量为h ).

(3)有些核反应过程是吸收能量的。例如在中,核反应吸收的能量,在该核反应中,X表示什么粒子?X粒子以动能EK轰击静止的,若EK=Q,则该核反应能否发生?请简要说明理由。

答案

材料分析题

曾参是孔子的弟子。一天,曾参的妻子要出门,儿子哭着要跟去。曾妻安慰儿子说:“你别去,也别哭,妈妈回来给你杀猪吃。”她从街上回来后,发现曾参正准备杀猪,遂制正道:“我不过是哄孩子,何必当其呢。”曾参却说:“如果不杀猪,就是欺骗孩子,也就是教孩子说谎。”曾参坚持把猪杀了。

(1)曾参的行为集中体现了为人处事的哪一条基本原则?这一原则的基本要求是什么?这一原则的核心又是什么?

                                                                                                                                                             

(2)讲一个你身边的诚信小故事。

                                                                                                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                             

阅读理解

I’m not so sure I like my friends any more. I used to like them — to be honest. We’d have lunch, talk on the phone or exchange e-mails, and they all seemed normal enough. But then came Facebook and I was introduced to a sad fact: many of my friends have dark sides that they had kept from me.

Today my friends show off the more unpleasant aspects of their personalities via Facebook. No longer hidden, they’re thrown in my face like TV commercials — unavoidable and endless advertisements for the worst of their personalities.

Take Fred. If you were to have lunch with him, you’d find him warm, and down-to-earth. Read his Facebook and you realize he’s an unbearable, food-obsessed bore. He’d pause to have a cup of coffee on his way to save a drowning man — and then write about it.

Take Andy. You won’t find a smarter CEO anywhere, but now he’s a CEO without a company to lull. So he plays Mafia Wars on Facebook. He’s doing well — level 731. Thanks to Facebook, I know he’s playing about 18 hours a day. Andy, you’ve run four companies — and this is how you spend your downtime? What happened to golf? What happened to getting another job?

Take Liz. She is positive that the H1N1 vaccine will kill us all and that we should avoid it. And then comes Chris who likes to post at least 20 times a day on every website he can find, so I get to read his thoughts twice, once on Facebook and once on Twitter.

In real life, I don’t see these sides of people. Face to face, my friends show me their best. They’re nice, smart people. But face to Facebook, my friends are like a blind date which goes horribly wrong.

I’m left with a dilemma. Who is my real friend? Is it the Liz I have lunch with or the anti-vaccine lunatic(狂人)on Facebook? Is it the Fred I can grab a sandwich with or the Fred who weeps if he’s at a party and the wine isn’t up to his standards?

小题1:Who is opposed to the H1N1 vaccine in the text?

A.Fred.

B.Andy.

C.Liz.

D.Chris.小题2:What’s Andy probably busy in doing now?

A.He’s running his company.

B.He’s playing golf all day.

C.He’s looking for another job.

D.He’s playing computer games.小题3:According to the text, Facebook tends to ______.

A.present another side of people

B.offer some food for free

C.show endless advertisements

D.get you to more parties小题4:The text is developed mainly by ______.

A.giving examples

B.following the time order

C.listing figures

D.raising questions小题5:The author focuses on the question of ______.

A.what is Facebook

B.what happened to golf

C.who is my real friend

D.who can help me