问题 填空题

1)构成分子晶体的粒子是__________,这类粒子间的作用力一定有__________,还可能有__________。如果分子间作用力只是__________,若以一个分子为中心,其周围通常可以有__________个紧邻的分子,分子晶体的这一特征称为__________。干冰中CO2分子采取的就是这样的堆积方式。若分子内存在吸引电子能力较强、半径较小的__________原子与H原子所形成的共价键,则会形成氢键,氢键不仅具有饱和性,也具有__________。能形成氢键的物质较多,如______________________________等。在冰中,每个水分子与相邻的__________个水分子形成氢键,呈__________立体结构。

(2)在原子晶体中,所有原子都以__________键结合,整个原子晶体是一个三维的__________结构。在金刚石中,C原子采取__________杂化方式,每个C原子与另外__________个C原子以共价键相结合,键角为__________,晶体中最小碳环由__________个C原子构成,且不在同一个平面内。晶体硅的结构与金刚石类似,SiO2的晶体结构可以看作是在晶体硅的Si—Si键之间插入__________原子而形成的,在12 g SiO2晶体中含有化学键的物质的量为 __________mol。

答案

(1)分子 范德华力 氢键 范德华力12 分子密堆积 N、O、F 方向性 HF、NH3、H2O、CH3OH等 4 正四面体

(2)共价 共价网状 sp3 4 109°28′ 6 氧 0.8

本题考查了分子密堆积和氢键,以及典型的分子晶体和原子晶体的结构。在SiO2晶体中每一个硅原子都与周围的四个氧原子形成了四个硅氧键,并且不存在共用的情况,所以SiO2晶体中化学键的数目为硅原子数目的四倍。12 g SiO2晶体的物质的量是0.2 mol,所以化学键的物质的量为0.8 mol。

阅读理解

“Creativity is the key to a brighter future,” say education and business experts. Here is how schools and parents can encourage this important skill in children.

If Dick had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as of great importance: a new type of tape. Dick worked for the Minnesota Mining Company. At work he developed a kind of material strong enough to hold things together. But his boss told him not to think more about the idea. Finally, using his own time, Dick improved the tape, which now is used everywhere by many people. And his former company learned from its mistake. Now it encourages people to spend 15 percent of their work time just thinking about and developing new ideas.

Creativity is not something one is just born with, nor is it necessarily a character of high intelligence. The fact that a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce new ideas that are good for something.

Unfortunately, schools have not tried to encourage creativity. With strong attention to test results and the development of reading, writing and mathematical skills, many educators give up creativity for correct answers. The result is that children can give back information but can’t recognize ways to use it in new situation. They may know the rules correctly but they are unable to use them to Work out practical problems.

It is important to give children choices. From the earlier age, children should be allowed to make decisions and understand their results. Even if it’s choosing between two food items for lunch, decision-making helps thinking skills. As children grow older, parents should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money. This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble.

小题1:What did the company where Dick once worked learn from its mistake?

A.They encouraged people to work a longer time.

B.They discouraged people to think freely.

C.They asked people to spend all their work time developing new ideas.

D.They encouraged people to spend some of their work time considering and improving new ideas.小题2: Creativity is something __

A.that people are born with

B.that depends on intelligence

C.that is a way of using what one has learnt to work out new problems

D.that is not important at all小题3:Why don’t schools try to encourage creativity?

A.They don’t understand the importance of education.

B.They don’t want their students to make mistakes.

C.They pay too much attention to exam marks, language and mathematical skills.

D.They think it more important to remember some information.小题4: What should the parents do when their children decide how to spend their money?

A.Try to help them as much as possible.

B.Take no notice of whatever they do.

C.Leave them as they are.

D.Help them if their decision is wrong, but not too much..

多项选择题