问题 问答题 案例分析题

施工成本控制在机电工程项目中的应用【案倒1H420105-1】

1.背景

某施工单位参加汽轮机厂建设工程的投标,有关人员根据招投标文件和有关资料,对人工、材料、机械、现场管理人员的人工费、固定资产使用费、临时设施赞、工程保修费、二次搬运费等成本进行了分析,根据施工图编制了合理的技术标书和经济标书,结果中标.中标以后,经施工单位成本控制中心通过对施工用的原材料、辅助材料、燃料和动力、外协加工费、计件工资下的生产工人工资、管理费中的办公费、差旅费、折旧费、管理人员工资等费用的测算,在确保企业投标时确定的利润的基础上,下达给项目部考核成本为1500万元,根据内部签订的承包合同,成本降低率为5%.项目部通过对机械和人工窝工、施工方案不合理、非生产人员比重大等造成的成本失控的诸多因素进行分析,测算人工费可降低2%、材料费降低4.7%、机械费降低5%、其他直接费降低5%、间接费降低10%.该项目部进行了成本管理,最终项目部圆满完成了目标成本计划.

2.问题

(1)简述机电工程项目成本的构成内容.背景中的固定资产使用费、临时设施费、工程保修费、二次搬动赞分别是什么成本?

(2)背景中,施工用的原材料、辅助材料、燃料和动力、外协加工费、计件工资下的生产工人工资、管理赞中的办公费、差旅费、折旧费、管理人员工资,哪些属于固定成本?哪些属于变动成本?在施工项目成本失控的诸多因素中,机械和人工窝工、施工方案不合理、非生产人员比重大三项造成的成本分别是什么成本?

(3)若背景中人工费占计划成本的10%、材料费占60%、机械费占l5%、其他直接费周占5%、间接费占10%.计算项目计划目标成本是多少?总共成本降低额为多少?

(4)机电工程的成本管理一般需要哪些步骤?

答案

参考答案:

(1)机电工程项目成本由直接成本和间接成本构成.背景中的临时设施费、二次搬动费是直接成本;固定资产使用费、工程保修费是间接成本.

(2)施工用的原材料、辅助材料、燃料和动力、外协加工费、计件工资下的生产工人工资等是变动成本;管理费中的办公费、差旅费、折旧费、管理人员工资等是固定成本.

(3)计算如下:

1)计划成本=1500×(1—5%)=1425万元

2)人工费降低额=1420×10%×2%=2.80万元

3)材料费降低额=1425×60%×4.7%=40.185万元

4)机械费降低额=1425×15%×5%=10.6875万元

5)其他直接费降低额=1425×5%×10%=7.125万元

6)间接赞降低额=1425×10%×10%=14.25万元

共计成本降低额:70.0975万元

(4)工程项目施工成本管理步骤:成本预测一成本计划一成本控制一成本核算一成本分析一成本考核.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Mr. King goes to a dinner party. He is wearing old clothes. He comes into the room. But people in the

room don't look at him. They don't ask him to sit at the table.

     Mr. King goes home and puts on his good clothes. He goes back to the party. Everyone in the room

stands up and smiles at him. They give him very good food to eat. Mr. King takes off his clothes, and puts

them in the food and says, "Eat, clothes!"

     The other people ask, "What are you doing?"

     He answers, "I'm asking my coat to eat food. I am wearing my old clothes. You don't look at me. You

don't ask me to sit down. Now I'm in these clothes. And you give me very good food. Now I see, you give

the food to my clothes, not to me!"

1. Mr. King goes to the dinner party, but people in the room don't look at him. Because _______.

 A. he doesn't come by car

B. he is young

C. he is wearing his old clothes

D. he is old

2. Mr. King goes home to _______ his _______ clothes.

A. put on; good

B. puts on; fine

C. take off; good

D. wear; good

3. Mr. King goes back to the party. People in the room stand up and smile at him because _______.

A. he is wearing his old clothes

B. he comes by a very good car

C. he is wearing his good clothes

D. he is putting on his good clothes

4. Mr. King takes off his good clothes, and _______ them ________ the good food.

A. ask; to eat

B. asks; to eat

C. lets; to eat

D. ask; eat

5. Mr. King says the good food is _______.

A. for he

B. for his good clothes

C. for me

D. for him

填空题