问题 问答题 案例分析题

施工进度管理在机电工程项目中的应用【案例IH420096-5】

1.背景

业主就某装机容量为200万kW的火力发电站工程与施工单位签订了单价合同.在施工过程中,施工单位向业主提出如下费用应由业主支付:

(1)职工教育经费:因该项目的汽轮机是国外进口的设备.在安装前,需要对安装操作的职工进行培训,培训经赞20万元.

(2)研究试验费:本项目中铁路专用线的一座跨公路预应力拱桥的模型破坏性试验费80万元,改用混凝土泵送工艺斌验费12万元,合计92万元.

(3)临时设施费:为修变电站搭建的民工临时用房5间和为业主搭建的临时办公室3间,分别为12万元和8万元,合计20万元.

(4)施工机械迁移贽:施工吊装机械从另一工地调入本工地的费用3万元.

(5)施工降效费:

1)根据施工组织设计,部分项目安排在雨期施工,由于采取防雨措施,增加费用5万元.

2)由于业主委托的另一家施工单位进行场区道路施工,影响了本施工单位正常的混凝土浇筑运输作业,业主方已审批了原计划和降效增加的工日及机械台班的数量.资料如下:

受影响部分的工程原计划用工2200工日,实际用工2800工日,计划支出120元/工日,原计划机械台班360台班,综合台班单价为360元/工日,实际用机械台班410台班,实际支出400元/台班.

2.问题

(1)试分析业主耐以上各项费用是否应该支付?为什么?

(2)本案例提到的降效支付要求,工费和机械使用费各应补偿多少?

(3)如图1H420096-4所示的S形曲线.若工作进行到第5个月底和第10个月底时,试分析:

1)合同执行到第5个月底时的进度偏差和投资偏差;

2)合同执行到第10个月底时的进度偏差和投资偏差.

答案

参考答案:

(1)在各项费用中:

1)职工教育经费不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中,或该费用已计入建安工程费的间接费中.

2)模型破坏性试验费用应支付,该费用未包含在合同价中,或该费用属业主应支付的研究试验费.

3)为民工搭建的用房费用不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中,或该费用已计入建安工程费的现场经费中.为业主搭建的用房费用应支付,该费用未包含在合同价中,或该费用属业主应支付的临时设施费.

4)施工机械迁移费不应支付,该费用已包含在合同价中,或该费用属建安工程费中的机械使用费.

5)降效费①不应支付,属于施工单位负责(或该费用已计入建安工程费的其他直接费中);降效费②应支付,该费用属业主应给予补偿的费用.

(2)工费补偿(2800-2200)×120=72000元;

机械台班费补偿(410-360)×360=18000元.

(3)进度偏差和投资偏差:由图可以看出,曲线①代表拟完工程计划投资;曲线②代表已完工程实际投资;曲线③代表已完工程计划投资.

1)第5个月底时

进度偏差=已完工程计划投资一拟完工程计划投资=1500-1500=0.

说明无进度偏差(或进度偏差为零).

投资偏差=已完工程计划投资一已完工程实际投资=1500-2000=-500万元.

说明投资偏差为-500万元,投资偏差为超500万元..

2)第10个月底时

进度偏差=已完工程计划投资一拟完工程计划投资=4000-5500=-1500万元.

说明进度偏差为落后1.5个月(或1500万元).

投资偏差=已完工程计划投资一已完工程实际投资=4000-4500=-500万元.

说明投资偏差为-500万元,投资偏差为超500万元.

多项选择题
单项选择题

Questions 21-25We are not who we think we are.The American self-image is suffused with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable-a place where brains, energy and ambition are what counts, not the circumstances of one’s birth.The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research initiative led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: "The ’rags to riches’ story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move to the top.That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom fifth of the study sample, in terms of income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top fifth. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that lowest quintile are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.It is noted that even in Britain-a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound class system-children who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the three studies were released, most reporters focused on the finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.The picture that emerges from all the quintiles, correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, overall, "the current generation of adults is better off than the previous one", as one of the studies notes.The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children’s median family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising tide has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far greater income gains than have the poor.Even more troubling is that our notion of America as the land of opportunity gets little support from the data. Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is "stickiness at the ends" - four out of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out often who are born rich will stay rich.

The word "quintile" (para.4) refers to _______ in the passage.

A.the bottom fifth

B.the study data

C.the sample group

D.the lowest family income