问题 实验题

下图是人体心脏结构示意图,图中表示心脏的不同部位。据图回答:

(1)与图中5部位相比较,图中3处的血液中   含量显著增多。

(2)图中4处的血液从图中1所指的血管流向全身各处,并最终回流到图中5处,这一循环过程称为                

(3)当血液流经身体         等器官后,血液中的代谢废物含量明显降低。

(4)人的心脏与猪的心脏结构是相似的。某同学在观察新鲜的猪心脏(与心脏相连的大血管均保留l0cm)时,往图中2血管内持续灌水。你预测的实验现象是                    

理由是:                                                         

(5)人体剧烈运动时,心率明显加快。原因是                                      

答案

(l)氧 (2)体循环 (3)肾脏和肺 (4)灌入的水仍从图中2处溢出 肺动脉瓣的存在限定了心脏内血液流动方向只能从图中6处流向图中血管2而不可能倒流。因此,水无法从图中血管2流人右心室 (5)剧烈运动时骨胳肌消耗更多氧气、产生更多的二氧化碳,心率加快使心脏在单位时间内输出的血量增大,有利于为骨胳肌提供更多的氧气,同时带走更多的二氧化碳。

本题考查心脏结构及血液循环特点。图中各结构名称为1-主动脉,2-肺动脉,3-左心房,4-左心室,5-右心房,6-右心室。肺静脉将富含氧的血液运送到左心房,血液经左心室、主动脉、各级动脉、全身各处毛细血管后与组织细胞进行气体交换成为含氧量少的静脉血流,静脉血经各级静脉后汇总于上下腔静脉回到右心房完成体循环。肾脏是人体最主要的排泄器官,血液中的代谢废物经肾脏以尿液的形式排出,同时,肺动脉中的静脉血在肺部进行气体交换后排出二氧化碳。心室与动脉之间存在动脉瓣,能防止血液倒流,在2肺动脉中持续灌水,水不会流向右心室。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
  Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isn't dressed as well as they are. But as
they grow up, they learn not to hurt other people's feelings by laughing at their problems. They learn to laugh
at other things. Most important, they learn to laugh at themselves.   
    Suppose you're playing a game. You make a mistake and lose. Do you become angry? Or can you laugh
at yourself and hope to do better next time? Suppose you are at a special dinner. You at times spill some food.
Why keep worrying about how clumsy you looked? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way? If you
can, it's a good thing you've really grown up.
1. This article is mostly about ______.
[ ]
A. why laughter is good for your body   
B. what you should laugh at   
C. where you may laugh    
D. where you may laugh at
2. The writer says small children laugh at people who ______.
[ ]
A. have problems        
B. not to be worried   
C. dress well          
D. play games
3. The writer shows hot laughter could help you ______.
[ ]
A. not to spill food       
B. not to be worried   
C. not to enjoy yourself     
D. to grow up
4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at ______.
[ ]
A. jokes    
B. pictures    
C. children    
D. yourself
5. The writer shows how laughter could help you no to ______.
[ ]
A. make a mistake   
B. lose again 
C. become angry     
D. try again
问答题 简答题