问题 实验题

(12分)某课外活动小组为了测定某氯化锶(SrCl2)样品的纯度,设计了如下方案:

称取1.0g样品溶解于适量水中,向其中加入含AgNO32.38g的AgNO3溶液(溶液中除Cl外,不含其它与Ag+反应生成沉淀的离子),Cl即被全部沉淀。然后用含Fe3+的溶液作指示剂,用0.2mol/L的NH4SCN标准溶液滴定剩余的AgNO3,使剩余的Ag+以AgSCN白色沉淀的形式析出,以测定氯化锶样品的纯度。请回答下列问题:

(1)滴定反应达到终点的现象是                              

(2)实施滴定的溶液以呈             (选填“酸性”、“中性”或“碱性”)为宜,加

        (填化学式)试剂可达到这一目的;

(3)在终点到达之前的滴定过程中,两种沉淀表面会吸附部分Ag+,需不断剧烈摇动锥形瓶,否则会使n (Clˉ)的测定结果         (选填“偏高”、“偏低”或“无影响”);

(4)到达终点后,则必须轻轻摇动锥形瓶,(此时不得剧烈摇动)以减少误差,否则这种误差会使n (Clˉ)测定值偏低,这说明两者的溶解度:AgCl          AgSCN(填“>”或“<”);

(5)若以Fe3+的溶液作指示剂,用NH4SCN标准溶液滴定剩余的AgNO3时,用去上述浓度的NH4SCN溶液20.0mL,则原氯化锶样品的纯度为                    

答案

(1)溶液由无色变为血红色     (2)酸性    HNO3

(3)偏高                     (4)>    (5)79.5%

(1)由于铁离子能和NH4SCN反应使溶液显红色,所以终点时的现象是溶液由无色变为血红色。

(2)由于在碱性溶液中铁离子和银离子易形成氢氧化物沉淀,所以溶液应该显酸性。由于不能引入杂质,所以易用硝酸酸化。

(3)沉淀表面会吸附部分Ag+,所以会导致查质量增加,从而导致测定结果偏高。

(4)这种误差会使n (Clˉ)测定值偏低,这说明沉淀会转化为AgSCN沉淀,因此氯化银的溶解度大于AgSCN的。

(5)消耗0.2mol/L的NH4SCN的物质的量是0.004mol,硝酸银是2.38g÷170g/mol=0.014mol,所以和氯离子反应的硝酸银是0.014mol-0.004mol=0.01mol,因此氯化锶的质量是0.005mol×156g/mol=0.795g,所以原氯化锶样品的纯度为79.5%。

阅读理解

信息匹配A. Happiness lies in persistent pursuit.

B. Happiness is in your own hand.

C. Self-knowledge is positively related to happiness.

D. Happiness is based on comparison.

E. There does not exist a guide to happiness.

F. Happiness is all about doing what you want to.

以下是5个人对幸福的看法,请把个人的看法与上面对幸福的表述匹配起来。

小题1: Heather Mccoy

 Entering a bookstore, one cannot help but notice entire shelves devoted to books boating knowledge of the true path to happiness.

 Whether this wave of commercials and books can actually make people happier is the question. Happiness cannot be found by sticking to a narrow set of steps or rules. Finding happiness is not as simple as following a how-to-do handbook. It’s something that every person must find in his or her own way.

小题2: Gary Russell

 Does happiness grow proportionally with wealth? Hardly.

 Experiences teaches us material satisfaction comes only when one finds himself wealthier than those around him; and, in a similar manner, one feels of being lowered when facing a billionaire, while a worker with a monthly salary of several hundred dollars becomes the envy of the villagers in remote mountainous regions.

小题3: David Niven

 True happiness is not a result from human action. Results are temporary while happiness is everywhere and can neither be created nor destroyed. With true happiness there is no place for disappointments! True happiness may mean pain and restraint in the beginning but will lead to everlasting joy and freedom. To achieve true happiness, we should separate and remove the negatives. True happiness is realized by understanding one’s own self.

小题4: Joshua Party

 Happiness is a state of mind. you can be happy in almost any situation. Likewise, you can be unhappy in an equal number of situations.In the end, it’s your decision.

 If one can control one’s unhappiness, then one must be able to control one’s happiness. As far as I know, the human genome project has not been able to identify a single part of any human chromosome(染色体) which is responsible for happiness.

小题5: Laura Johnson

 So what makes me a happy person? Studying to be a journalist because I loved to write, not because it pays a lot of money. Skiing in the winter snow and swimming in the summer sun. Spending time with my close friends from home. Being in a stable family. Reading romance novels and watching movies. Having a boyfriend who knows more about rock and roll history than I do.

问答题 简答题