问题 问答题

运用弹性理论评论“薄利多销”这一传统的经商理念。

答案

参考答案:需求的价格弹性指需求量变化的百分率与价格变化的百分率之比,它用来测度商品需求量变动对于商品自身价格变动反应的敏感性程度。其表达式为:


所谓“薄利多销”是指通过降低商品的价格,虽然每单位商品的利润会减少,但通过销售量的扩大,厂商的总利润可以扩大。这一传统经商理念的是否成立要视需求弹性的大小而进行具体的分析。
(1)若Ed=0,则称该物品的需求为完全无弹性,意思是不论价格如何变化,需求量始终保持不变,也就是说需求量对价格的变化毫无反应。如图所示,当价格由P0降为P1时,需求量没有变化,导致厂商利润净损失为四边形P0ABP1的面积。此时,“薄利多销”的理论不成立。
(2)若0<Ed<1,则称该物品的需求互相缺乏弹性。如图所示,当价格由P0降为P1时,需求量由q0增加到q1,需求量增加的幅度显然小于价格下降的幅度。由于面积CBq1q0小于面积P0ABP1,所以价格下降后,厂商的总利润反而减少。
(3)若Ed=1,则称该物品的需求为单位弹性。如图所示,当价格下降后,厂商的利润没有发生变化。
(4)若1<Ed<∞则称该物品的需求为相当富有弹性,如图所示,当价格由P0降为P1时,需求量由q0增加到q1,需求量增加的幅度显然大于价格下降的幅度。由于面积 CBq0q1,大于面积P0ACP1,所以价格下降后,厂商的总利润大幅度增加。
(5)若Ed=∞,则称该物品的需求为完全有弹性,如图所示。此时价格无变化,而需求量有变化;或价格略微有变化,而需求量即为甚大的变化,即需求量对价格变化的反应非常剧烈。这种情况下,若价格稍微降低,由于需求量会无限扩大,厂商的总利润也会无限扩大。但现实中,需求完全有弹性的物品可说没有,很难找到这样的例子。

阅读理解

1990 was a significant year in world enents. In Febbruary, Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison. In October, East and West Germany became one country again. Then at the end of 1990, the World Wide Web was born. For this final event we have one man to thank, Tim Berners-Lee, the father of the Web.

Berners-Lee was born on June 8, 1955 in London, England. His parents, both computer designers, encouraged him to think and work creativelhy as he grew up. He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science.

After graduating from Oxford University, Tim went to work at a science research centre in Sfwitzerland. There be developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web. The first was HTML, the computer language used to make web pages. The second was an address system that let  computers anhywhere find each other and send and receive information. In 1990, while still at the science centre in Switzerland, he put them together to make the first Internet browser. It could run on any computer and allowed people to create  share their information with the rest of the world.

Tim knew that the more people used the Web, the more useful it would be. He wasn’t interested in money but knowledge, so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested. Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began.

Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America, researching new and interesting ways to use the Web. He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts. He is still not very interested in money. That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates. It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name.

小题1: The underlined word “significant” (in Paragraph 1) most probably means “       ” .

A.strange

B.terrible

C.important

D.difficult小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.The address system was used to make make web pages.

B.The World Wide Web was created in Swizerland.

C.The fist web browser was very expensive to buy

D.Many people could use the Internet before 1990小题3: What can we learn about Berners-Lee from the passage?

A.He was encouraged to be creative.

B.He didn’t do well at school.

C.He is a very poor businessman.

D.He is well-known all over the world.小题4: Where does Berners-Lee live today?

A.England.

B.Switzerland.

C.America.

D.Canada.小题5:What is the passage mainly about?

A.The events that took place in 1990.

B.The history of the Internet.

C.The invention of the Internet browser.

D.The man who created the World Wide Web.

填空题