问题 问答题 简答题

炉管结焦的原因、现象及防止措施是什么?

答案

参考答案:

炉管结焦原因:①炉管受热不均匀,火焰扑炉管,炉管局部过热;②进料量波动、偏流,使油温忽高忽低或流量过小,油品停留时间过长而裂解;③原料稠环物聚合、分解或含有杂质。④检修时清焦不彻底,开工投产后炉管内的进料焦质起了诱导作用,促进了新焦的形成。

炉管结焦现象的判断:①明亮的炉膛中,看到炉管上有灰暗斑点,说明该处炉管已结焦;②处理量未变,而炉膛温度及入炉压力均升高;③炉出口温度反应缓慢,表明热电偶套管处已结焦。

防止结焦措施:①保持炉膛温度均匀,防止炉管局部过热,应采用多火嘴,齐火苗,炉膛明亮的燃烧方法;②操作中对炉进料量、压力及炉膛温度等参数加强观察、分析及调节;③搞好停工清扫工作;④严防物料偏流。

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     Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer,

saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入,摄入),

through diet or a vitamin supplement," Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.

     Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the

relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There's

nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer," he said, urging governments and public health officials to

do more to fortify (增强) foods with vitamin D. Garland is member of a team at San Diego Moores

Cancer Hospital that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health.

Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at

around 100 international units(IU)a serving.  "People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to

raise their intake to 1000 units per day" Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines

established by the National Academy of Sciences.

     The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern

areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.

     "African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin color, could also

benefit significantly from a higher intake," the authors said.

1. According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because ________.

A. it is nutritious                  

B. it can't harm people's health

C. it can lower cancer risk          

D. it is not taken enough every day

2. Garland is probably ________.

A. a health researcher                

B. a doctor    

C. a medicine scientist                

D. a public health official

3. Which of the following foods can lower people's chance of getting cancer?

A. Milk.                            

B. Fortified orange juice.  

C. Fortified yogurt.                  

D. All of the above.

4. ________ should take more Vitamin D according to the passage.

A. Asian people

B. African people  

C. American people

D. Oceanian people