问题 问答题

有一位老师说:“父母给了学生生命,而老师却要给学生梦想。”教育学形象地把初中教育的理论比喻为“帮助少年起飞”。请论述“初中教育在促进少年身心发展方面的任务”。

答案

参考答案:少年期的年龄特征决定了初中教育在青少年发展中的重要性和艰巨性。教师必须与对人生似懂非懂、渴求自主、力求摆脱成人束缚的青少年打交道。没有正确的少年观,没有高超的教育艺术与机智,便难以出色地完成教育任务。总的来说,初中教育在促进少年身心发展方面的任务,是给少年独立的要求以尊重、支持和引导,丰富少年的内心世界,形成正确的自我意识和理想自我。在身体发展方面,初中阶段教育要进行保健和青春期教育,让少年懂得青春期生理变化的必然性和意义。在认知方面,初中阶段教育应重视抽象思维和概括能力的培养。在情感方面,初中阶段教育应着重培养学生的道德理想和深刻的情感体验。在自我教育能力方面,初中阶段教育应帮助学生形成较正确的自我认识,使学生掌握评价自我的多维标准,这一阶段也是培养初中生自我认识能力的起始阶段。

解答题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     One Saturday afternoon in February, 1943, a farmer in Mexico stopped working for a moment and looked

across his fields of corn. Suddenly he saw a thin line of white smoke curling up out of his field, about 200 feet

from where he stood. As he went toward the smoke to see what it was, he heard a strange noise. The line of

smoke became bigger. It looked as if some great force were pushing it up into the sky.

     The farmer rushed home to get his wife. While he was urging his wife to hurry from the house, the earth

shook violently. When he stood up after the earth stopped shaking, he looked across the field and saw that great

flames were rising from his cornfield. A volcano was being born!

     They hurried across the shaking earth to the village of Particutin, which was toward their farm. They found

the village was seriously destroyed and the road from the village was filled with frightened people hurrying to

safety. Particutin did not become dark that night. The volcano lighted up the sky for miles around. Flames

rushed out of the ground. The volcano threw hot stones a thousand feet through the air. Great explosion shook

the earth and heavy black ashes fell from the sky, covering the roofs in Mexico city, 180 miles away.

     But that was not all. On the third evening a float of lava (火山岩) began to boil up from the centre of the

volcano. It came over the edge in a heavy flow, 2 000 feet wide, and travelled slowly across the valley, bringing

certain death to everything that could not move from its path.

1. From the passage we can conclude EXCEPT that _____.

A. the volcano threw out a lot of ashes and hot stones

B. the volcano lasted several days

C. many people had to escape from the village

D. it caused many deaths and great loss

2. You can find the passage in a _____. 

A. newspaper

B. government report

C. leaflet for travellers

D. handbook

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. At the beginning the farmer heard a strange cry.

B. The farmer was working in the field when the disaster happened.

C. The farmer's wife was working in the field at that moment.

D. The village was badly damaged.

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The damage of a volcano.

B. A terrible volcano.

C. An unforgettable memory.

D. A farmer's experience.