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问题 单项选择题

关于胎盘分泌的酶，哪项是错误的

A．缩宫素酶为糖蛋白
B．缩宫素酶由合体滋养细胞产生
C．缩宫素酶至妊娠末期达高峰
D．耐热性碱性磷酸酶由合体滋养细胞产生
E．耐热性碱性磷酸酶随妊娠进展而逐渐减少

答案

参考答案：E

单项选择题

与自填式问卷相比，结构式访谈的最大优点是（）。

A.能了解调查对象个人的心理特征和过程

B.能够对调查过程加以控制，提高调查结果的可靠程度

C.能节省大量时间

D.所收集的资料更易于定量分析
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问答题

Efforts to provide professional trauma counseling assume that trauma is the main psychosocial issue following the earthquake. (1) In fact, however, trauma is only a small part of a wide array of psychosocial issues that ought to be addressed. For many earthquake survivors, the main issue is not traumatic memories of the earthquake but stresses associated with their current living situation. These stresses include the lack of safety and security, the loss of livelihood, lack of appropriate shelter, changes in family relations, threats of and exposure to gender-based violence, substance abuse, and uncertainties about the future. Because these stresses are holistic, they require comprehensive support that goes beyond trauma counseling. (2) Inherently, the support needed is social rather than psychological and includes such things as normalizing life by reestablishing daily activities such as working for parents and education for children, protection from rape and other forms of gender-based violence, the development of livelihood, and the strengthening of community networks of social support.
However, it is not just the kind of support--social or psychological--that makes a difference. Across humanitarian sectors, the way in which relief is provided has a p impact on psychosocial well-being. A common error is to view earthquake survivors as passive victims who need to be taken care of or healed by outsiders. (3) In the present emergency, the most effective means of providing psychosocial support is through a process of community mobilization and empowerment wherein communities make their own decisions and develop their own systems of protection, care, and support for survivors. When communities make choices about how to move forward, they reestablish a sense of control that is a powerful antidote to feelings of being overwhelmed. (4) As they engage in collective planning and action, they gain a sense of hope for the future and move out of the victim’s role they too often ate cast into.
(5) Psychosocial support is not mainly something done to or for people by psychologists or psychiatrists but a process of local people activating their own social support for their collective well-being and positive future. Taking heed of this key point, the emphasis in earthquake response should be on social interventions that empower local people. At best, trauma counseling is a very small part of the much wider array of support that will help victims get on with their lives.
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