问题 问答题 简答题

试述烧伤现场急救原则。

答案

参考答案:

(1)脱离致伤源。①火焰烧伤后应迅速离开火区,尽快脱去着火衣服或就地翻滚,亦可跳入水池。熄灭火焰,切忌奔跑喊叫或用手扑打火焰,以免助火燃烧而引起头面部、呼吸道和手部烧伤;②热液、化学烧伤,应立即脱掉被浸湿的衣服,可以冷水冲淋后剪开取下,强力剥脱易撕脱水泡皮,迅速用大量清水冲洗创面,或浸泡在冷水中,既可减痛,带走余热,又可以稀释和除去创面上存留的化学物质;③电烧伤应使伤者迅速脱离电源,关闭电源开关或用干木棒、竹竿等不导电物品切断电源,切不可用手触病人或电器,以免急救者触电,对有心跳、呼吸停止的病人应就地进行有效的口对口人工呼吸和胸外心脏按摩。

(2)维护呼吸道通畅:火焰烧伤呼吸道常受烟雾、热力等损伤,特别应注意保持呼吸道通畅。要及时气管切开(勿等待呼吸困难表现明显),已昏迷的烧伤者也须注意保持呼吸道通畅;合并CO中毒者应移至通风处,给予氧气。

(3)保护受伤部位:烧伤创面在现场急救时只求不再污染,不再损伤,不涂任何药物,避免用有色药物涂抹,以免影响对创面深度的诊断和增加清创的困难。

(4)其他救治措施:①大面积严重烧伤早期应避免长途转送,休克期最好就地输液抗休克或加作气管切开,必须转送者途中应继续输液,保证呼吸道通畅,转送路程较远者,应留置导尿管,观察尿量。②高度口渴、烦躁不安者,表示休克严重,应加快输液,只可少量口服浓盐水或烧伤饮料。不宜单纯喝白开水,以防发生水中毒。③安慰和鼓励受伤者,使其情绪稳定。剧痛者可酌情使用地西泮、哌替啶(度冷丁)等。但要避免抑制呼吸中枢,有颅脑外伤或呼吸功能障碍者忌用唛啶,可肌内注射鲁米那钠,不宜短期重复用药,以免蓄积中毒。

阅读理解

根据材料内容选择最佳答案,将其标号填入题前括号内。

    Earthquakes can be very scary. But you need to keep your mind stable (坚定的) in order to make sure you

are safe. Be calm and try not to run here and there.

    If you manage to come out of your house, go to an open space like a garden or a park where you will be a lot

safer. If you live quite some floors above in your building, try to find a place near a bulky object such as a bed.

Curl up (蜷缩) and sit on the floor and make sure you are not near a window, fireplace, gas stove and so on.

Remember don't use lifts or escalators.

    Some people say you should on a doorway. That is not true. If the doorway jambs (侧壁) are weak, they

might fall on you. Also if people want to pass through that door, you may stop them. Leave all doorways free.

    Another important thing to keep in mind is that you mustn't climb down the stairs during an Earthquake. If

the tremors (震动) stop, after a few seconds, just climb down the stairs as quickly as you can and move out of

the building, but don't run.

    Earthquakes usually destroy gas pipes and electrical wires. Turn off the main gas. And don't light candles or

lighters and create an even bigger disaster.

    If you're driving and feel a shake, stop your car at the side of the road and get out. Make sure you are not on

a bridges and overhead roads (高架路) have the biggest danger of falling.

1. The best title for the passage should be             . [ ]

A. Dos and Don'ts Before an Earthquake.

B. What to Do in Case of Earthquake

C. Tips for Earthquake Preventions

D. Tips for Children in Earthquake.

2. The underlined word "bulky" in Paragragh 2 probably means              . [ ]

A. soft

B. large

C. small

D. tall

3. When an earthquake suddenly happens, you should             .

   a. remain standing near a window     b. turn off the main gas

   c. stay in an open space                   d. stand on a doorway

   e. keep off overhead roads [ ]

A. a, b, c

B. c, d, e

C. b, c, e

D. b, d, e

4. Which of the following is NOT true, when an earthquake suddenly happens? [ ]

A. We can't use the lift.

B. Curling up may be very dangerous.

C. We must turn off the gas.

D. We must get out of the car when the earthquake comes

5. It can be learned from the passage that             . [ ]

A. keeping calm in time of earthquake is very important.

B. measures should be taken to make buildings stronger.

C. Knowledge of first aid is must be done in an earthquake.

D. lots of things must be done to survive an earthquake.

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