问题 单项选择题

采用以架构为核心的软件开发方法,在建立软件架构的初期,首要任务是选择一个合适的(),在此基础上,开发人员通过架构模型,可以获得关于上()的理解,为将来的架构实现与演化过程建立了目标。

采用以架构为核心的软件开发方法,在建立软件架构的初期,首要任务是选择一个合适的(),

A.分析模式

B.设计模式

C.架构风格

D.架构标准

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

分析 本题主要考查以架构为核心的软件系统开发方法。在该方法中,架构用来激发和调整设计策略,不同的视图用来表达与质量目标有关的信息。架构设计是一个迭代过程,在建立软件架构的初期,选择一个合适的架构风格是首要的,在此基础上,开发人员通过架构模型,可以获得关于软件架构属性的理解,为将来的架构实现与演化过程建立了目标。

填空题
单项选择题

Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.

But citizens didn’t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.

In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.

In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.

Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D. C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering.

"We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing. "says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.

In Paragraph 1, the word "residents" refers to () in particular.

A. ethnic groups in the U. S.

B. the American general public

C. African Americans

D. the U. S. working-class