问题 单项选择题

Hardin argued that grazing land held in common (that is, open to any user) would always be used less carefully than private grazing land. Each rancher would be tempted to overuse common land because the benefits would accrue to the individual, while the costs of reduced land quality that results from overuse would be spread among all users. But a study comparing 217 million acres of common grazing land with 433 million acres of private grazing land showed that the common land was in better condition.
Which of the following, if true and known by the ranchers, would best help explain the results of the study ?()

A.With private grazing land, both the costs and the benefits of overuse fall to the individual user.

B.The cost in reduced land quality that is attributable to any individual user is less easily measured with common land than it is with private land.

C.An individual who overuses common grazing land might be able to achieve higher returns than other users can, with the result that he or she would obtain a competitive advantage.

D.If one user of common land overuses it even slightly, the other users are likely to do so even more, with the consequence that the costs to each user outweigh the benefits.

E.There are more acres of grazing land held privately than there are held in common.

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

该研究指出,公地比私人土地条件更好,正确答案(D),指出与Hardin的宣称相反,不去过度使用公地是符合每个放牧者的自身利益的,这样来解释为什么公地有相对较好的条件;选项(A)和(C)只能解释为什么私人土地比公地条件更好,而不是相反;将公地条件恶化的成本分摊给每个使用者更加困难这一事实[选项(B)]和公地与私人土地相对量的不同这一事实[选项(E)]都没有给出一个理由来解释农场主们为什么尽可能地不在公地上牧养他们的牧群。

单项选择题

As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast agricultural hinterland. Market days (1) the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a (2) of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, vegetables, cider and other products for direct sale to the (3) . The High Street Market was continuously (4) throughout the period until 1736, (5) it (6) from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street. The next year the Callow Hill Market began (7) .

Along with market days, the (8) of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia (9) after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The (10) provided a means of bringing handmade goods from (11) places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, (12) , were popular items.

Auctions were another popular (13) of trade. Because of the competition, retail (14) opposed these as well as the fairs. (15) governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary (16) of economic development was on the merchants’side, as increasing business specialization became the (17) of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear (18) general stores selling a variety of goods.

One of the reasons Philadelphia’s merchants prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, (19) , in the capital city of the province, (20) to not only the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony.

17()

A.command

B.order

C.recommendation

D.sequence

单项选择题 A1/A2型题