问题 问答题 论述题

辩证唯物主义自然观创立和发展,与自然科学关系

答案

参考答案:

古希腊朴素辩证法自然观——机械唯物主义自然观——辩证唯物主义自然观。马克思恩格斯科学地总结了当时自然科学的最新成就,继承了古希腊自然观中的辩证法观点,克服了机械唯物主义自然观的形而上学性质,批判地汲取了德国古典自然哲学思想特别是黑格尔的辩证法思想,创立了辩证唯物主义的自然观。

辩证唯物主义自然观的创立,意味着凌驾于自然科学之上的、思辨地构造体系的自然哲学的终结。它无论对于马克思主义学说的完善,对于马克思主义哲学的发展,还是对于自然科学哲学问题的研究、促进科学技术的进步,都具有重要的意义。

自然观是建立在科学的发展基础上,是对自然科学的总结和概括,它随着科学技术的进步而逐渐发展;正确,科学,先进的自然观将指导科学取得更大的进步与发展。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the

risk of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.

     Researchers from the Umversity of Iowa based their findings on a revicw of 18 earlier

studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma(黑素瘤 ).

They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen

use and higher risk of melanoma.

     Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of

the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率)

faster than any other cancer in the United States.

     But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite

effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.

     The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they

often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer-people

with fair skin and freckles(雀斑) ,for example-are more likely to use sunscreen. As a

result , it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.

     The studies , which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use,were

also unable to prove how well the products had been applied , Said the new study.

1. Theunderlinedword" flaws "inthe2ndparagraphmost probably means ________.

A. evidences

B. facts

C. faults

D. failures

2. People with fair skin and freckles ________.

A. seldom use sunscreen

B. are more in danger of skin cancer

C. can be free from the harm of the sun

D. often expose themselves to the sun

3. We can learn from the passage that _______.

A. sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B. the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C. the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D. the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

4. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer

B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen

D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles