问题 问答题 简答题

雅典时期自然哲学的重要成就及其自然观意义?

答案

参考答案:重要成就

1)米利都学派。泰勒斯关于世界万物本原是“水”的主张

2)毕达哥拉斯学派。该学派提出了“万物皆数”的世界本质论,认为“宇宙万物的结构及其运行服从数的和谐”,这一学说在科学思想史上意义深远。

3).原子论思想。该派别认为世界万物都是由原子组成的,原子是肉眼所不能看见的物质微粒,永恒运动是原子的本性,自然界变化的实质是原子的聚散及其运动,整个世界由原子和虚空所构成。

4)亚里士多德学说。亚里士多德是古希腊哲学的集大成者,是一位承上启下的人物,在他的哲学中,哲学和自然科学已开始分化。a在世界本源问题上,提出了两种“实体”说,并用“四因说”加以论证;b在宇宙结构问题上,主张地心说,建立了同心球宇宙模型,第一次把几何学和天文学结合起来;c在物体运动问题上,认为物体只有在外力推动下才能运动,重物坠落的速度较轻物快。

自然观意义

1)亚里斯多德和其他希腊思想家的最大功绩就是把自然作为科学研究的对象。

2)古希腊科学是哲学的一个方面,所以它一开始就有重视理论思维、重视理性探索的特征,具有朴素辩证法的思想和物活论的色彩,由于毕达哥拉斯主义和柏拉图主义的影响,古希腊科学中含有特别重的数学尤其几何学的成分。公理化和演绎推理的方法被运用到各门学科中去。在科学研究方法上,在希腊化时代的阿基米德那里,也已经达到了相当高的水平。逻辑推理的方法、严格定量的数学方法都已趋成熟,实验的方法也初露端倪。

3)这些都为近代自然科学的形成做好了准备。近代自然科学就是从古希腊自然科学演进而生。

阅读理解

Bali(巴厘岛) is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority. Here's how to get the most out of a 48­hour visit:

FRIDAY

3pm—There's nothing like a good meal. La Lucciola is the place to go, with its good food, great service and a beautiful view of the sea.

You can hire a car for some 450,000 rupiah per day. This will help you have more to spare during your trip there.

5pm—About an hour away from La Lucciola is Uluwatu. This southern tip of the island is famous for its temple that lies on the edge, high above the sea. Fire dance is performed here daily at sunset.

8pm—To finish off the evening, head to Jimbaran Bay where restaurants offer candles, dances, boys singing songs. Kick off your shoes, feel the sand, and enjoy the night.

SATURDAY

9:30am—Start the day with another taste of culture by heading for a “barong and keris” dance performance. It's held in many places. One is the Catur Eka Budi in Denpasar, capital of Bali.

12pm—About 50km from Denpasar is Kintamani, a favorite with tourists for the view of active volcano Mt. Batur. It's a good idea to reach Kintamani early as it gets cloudy after 3pm. Have lunch at a local restaurant with a view of Mt. Batur. Tourists can climb to Mt. Batur to catch the sunrise.

6:30pm—Spa(温泉疗养)time! Spa Hati is a good place. Book ahead.

SUNDAY

6am—It's time to go to the sea. Don't forget the camera.

10:30am—Another half­day trip to two of the most famous temples in Bali. Drive down to the Taman Ayun temple at Mengwi.

12am—Next up is the Tanah Lot temple, perhaps the most famous of them all. Built on a rock, it's best seen in the afternoon when it's against the sun or at sunset.

小题1:How can you save time during your trip in La Lucciola according to the text?

A.Having a pair of good shoes.

B.Preparing early and well.

C.Joining a tour group.

D.Hiring a car.小题2:Where can you enjoy fire dance?

A.In La Lucciola.

B.In Uluwatu.

C.At Mengwi.

D.In Denpasar.小题3:Which of the following is probably a better time to visit the famous temple built on a rock?

A.5 am.

B.4 pm.

C.11 am.

D.9 pm.小题4:Which of the following needs to be booked in advance?

A.Joining in a “ barong and keris” dance.

B.Visiting the Tanah Lot temple.

C.Having a spa in Spa Hati.

D.Having lunch in Kintamani.

判断题