数据管理技术的发展经历了如下三个阶段：人工管理阶段、 和数据库系统阶段。
参考答案：文件系统阶段
In relation to the capital and fi nancing of a shareholding company:
(c) Explain the consequences of a company paying a dividend that does not comply with statutory requirements. (2 marks)
银行汇票的实际结算金额低于出票金额的，票据无效。( )
