问题 综合题

阅读下列梁启超文选,回答问题。

材料一 印度,大地最古之国也,守旧不变,夷为英藩矣;突厥地跨三洲,立国历千年,而 守旧不变,为六大国执其权,分其地矣;非洲广袤,三倍欧土,内地除沙漠一带外,皆植物饶衍,畜牧繁盛,土人不能开化,拱手以让强敌矣;波兰为欧西名国,政事不修, 内订日起,俄普奥相约,择其肉而食矣。

——《论不变法之害》

材料二:夫倒满洲以兴民政,公义也;而借勤王以兴民政,则今日之时势最相宜者也。古人曰:“虽有智慧,不如乘势。”弟以为宜稍变通矣。·······何必故划鸿沟,使彼此永远不相合哉?弟甚敬兄之志,爱兄之才,故不惜更进一言,幸垂采之。                                

——《致孙逸仙书》

材料三:夫共和国体之难以图存,公等当优能言之矣;吾又谓君主国体之难以规复者,则又何也?盖君主之为物,原赖历史习俗上一种似魔非魔的观念以保其尊严;此种尊严自能于无形中发生一种效力,直接间接以镇福此国。君主之可贵,其必在此。虽然尊严者不可亵者也,一度亵焉,而遂将不复能维持。

——1915年8月《异哉所谓国体问题者》

(1)根据材料一所反映的现象,简要分析作者言论的历史背景和主要意图。(4分)

(2)根据材料二和所学知识分析作者和收信人思想的异同。(4分)

(3)根据材料三及所学知识分析文章发表的历史背景,概括梁启超的主张。(2分)

答案

(1)历史背景:民族危机加深,中国面临被列强瓜分的危险。(2分)主要意图:宣传维新变法思想,强调变法的必要性。(2分)

(2)两者都主张建立资本主义政治制度,但梁启超主张要结合国情,建立君主立宪制,孙中山主张建立共和政体。(4分)

(3)历史背景:袁世凯妄图复辟帝制,共和政体存在覆灭的危险,(1分)主张:反对君主制度,维护共和政体。(1分)

题目分析:(1)材料选自梁启超文选,作者言论的历史背景,可结合所学的维新变法的历史背景总结回答,即民族危机的加深,列强掀起瓜分中国狂潮。其言论的主要意图,根据《论不变法之害》,可见是为宣传变法思想。

(2)首先明确作者和收信人,即使梁启超和孙中山;根据材料中“倒满洲以兴民政,公义也;而借勤王以兴民政,则今日之时势最相宜者也”、“宜稍变通矣。·······何必故划鸿沟,使彼此永远不相合哉”。可见二人都主张“兴民政”,即建立资本主义制度。孙中山主张“倒满洲以兴民政”,即推翻清政府,建立资产阶级民主共和国,梁启超主张“借勤王以兴民政”,即改革清政府,建立君主立宪制。

(3)根据材料选自“1915年8月《异哉所谓国体问题者》”,结合所学知识,可知是梁启超反对袁世凯复辟帝制而发表的文章;根据材料中“夫共和国体之难以图存,公等当优能言之矣;吾又谓君主国体之难以规复者”,可见梁启超反对君主制度,主张维护民主共和制。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

阅读理解

     It was in 1865 that two Frenchmen were looking into the future. Edouard de Laboulaye, who studied

history, admired the United States greatly. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was a famous artist. De Laboulaye was thinking about 1876, when the country he respected so much would celebrate its 100th birthday.

What gift would be good enough for the people of France to give? Right away, Bartholdi thought of a

giant statue.

     Bartholdi kept thinking about a statue for several years. Then, in 1871, he visited the United States

and saw the perfect place for a huge statue. It was Bedloe's Island in New York.

     The project - the Statue of Liberty - got started almost immediately, and Bartholdi went home to

France to begin work. However, the statue was not finished in time for the 100th birthday. The United

States Congress approved (批准) the use of Bedloe's Island on February 22, 1877. During the 100th

celebration in 1876, the arm of the statue that would hold the torch was shown in Philadelphia. In 1879

the huge head was put on display in France. For the face of the statue, Bartholdi used his mother as a

     The statue was finally completed in 1884. The work had been difficult enough, but then some really

hard work began. The statue had to be taken apart and packed into boxes. It was not until May 1885

that the statue - in pieces - left France for its new home.

     The statue arrived in June. However, the Americans fell behind on their part of the project. They

hadn't raised enough money for building the base of the statue. People wondered if the country really

needed or wanted such a gift. Finally, though, the money was raised and the base was completed. The

last piece of the statue was put in place on October 28, 1886.

1. What's the right order of the following events?

a.The arm of the statue that would hold the torch was shown in Philadelphia.

b. The United States Congress approved the use of Bedloe's Island.

c. The huge head of the statue was put on display in France.

d. Bartholdi visited the United States.

A. d a b c

B. d b a c

C. b a c d

D. b d a c

2.When did the work on the statue begin?

A. As soon as Bartholdi thought of it.

B. After the United States Congress agreed to it.

C. After Bartholdi saw Bedloe's Island.

D. Not until the US had raised enough money.

3.What happened after the Statue of Liberty was completed?

A. It was put together for shipping.

B. It was taken apart and packed for shipping.

C. It was cleaned up for shipping.

D. It was put in place on its base in France.