问题 名词解释

黑格尔

答案

参考答案:

乔治•威廉•弗里德里希•黑格尔,德国著名的哲学家和政治思想家、德国古典唯心主义哲学的集大成者。他的政治思想是德国的国家哲学和法哲学最系统、最丰富和最完整的表现。

青年时期的黑格尔在法国启蒙思想和法国大革命的影响下,推崇理性,主张 * * ,他无情地揭露和批判封建制度的黑暗,渴望德意志民族和国家的统一与兴盛,表现了极大的爱国热忱。

黑格尔晚年的思想渐趋保守,在继续主张改革和进步精神的同时,极力论证普鲁士专制君主制度的合理性,赞美普鲁士王国。1821年,黑格尔政治思想的代表作《法哲学原理》一书出版,书中集中、系统地表达了他的政治思想。

在个人与国家的关系上,黑格尔明确认为国家是目的而不是手段,国家高于社会和个人。为了实现德国的统一,黑格尔主张建立一个统一的君主立宪制国家。黑格尔把国家权力划分为立法权、行 * * 和王权三种,他强调王权的地位和作用。

阅读理解

任务型阅读。请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填一个单词。

                                                 Disaster (灾难)strikes South-east Asia

    The tsunami (海啸) which hit twelve South-east Asian countries on 26 December 2004 was a great disaster.

More than 200,000 people died in the tsunami. Not only did people living in Thailand, Indonesia and Sri Lanka

die, but many European tourists who were on holiday in these countries also died. Now, we are just beginning

to understand how much damage was caused to the environment and to the economy.

    The biggest problem after the tsunami has been illnesses which have spread to many people. These illnesses

are mostly caused by a lack of clean drinking water. People are drinking dirty water because there is no other

water available. This dirty water is making them sick. Also, the hospitals in these poor countries are not big

enough to deal with all the people who were hurt in the tsunami.

    Many people who live in the areas hit by the tsunami are farmers and fishermen. The tsunami destroyed

their homes, their fields and their boats. The salt water from the ocean covered the farmers' fields, so they can

no longer grow food. Also, fishermen are finding that there are fewer fish in the ocean. Now, these people,

who were already quite poor, have no way to earn money. No one knows how long it will take for the fish to

return, or for the farmers to be able to grow food again. Tourism is also very important in these areas, but

many famous tourist areas are destroyed during the tsunami.

    The whole world is helping these countries recover from the tsunami. Many governments have given aid

money. UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund, has set up 200 places where people can get help. It has

also provided clean drinking water. One organization called Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders)

has sent many doctors to care for sick people. In Indonesia, some government officials think that some villages

should be moved away from the ocean, and that farmers should learn how to grow different types of food.

    No one knows how much money or how much time it will take for this area to recover completely. However,

with the help and aid that is being sent to the affected areas, hopefully it won't take long.

                                              Disaster strikes South-east Asia 

   

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