问题 问答题

(四)   背景资料   某机电安装施工单位承建一地下动力中心安装工程,建筑物为现浇钢筋混凝土结构,并已施工完成。预埋的照明电线管和其他预埋工作经检查无遗漏。   地下建筑物的平面及剖面简图如下所示。

 设备布置和设计要求是:   ①-2.600层I区安装冷却塔及其水池。②-6.800层I区安装燃油供热锅炉、Ⅱ区北侧安装换热器,南侧安装各类水泵。③-11.800层I区为变配电所、Ⅱ区北侧安装离心冷水机组,南侧安装柴油发电机组。④动力中心设有通风排气和照明系统,在-11.800层地面下有集水坑。各层吊装孔在设备吊装结束后加盖,达到楼面强度,并做防渗漏措施。⑤每种设备均有多台,设备布置紧凑,周界通道有限。   安装开工时,工程设备均已到达现场仓库。所有工程设备均需用站位于吊装孔边临时道路的汽车吊(40t),吊运至设备所在平面层,经水平拖运才能就位。   问题

动力中心安装前要做起重吊装作业的专项安全技术交底,交底内容哪些与土建工程有关说明理由。

答案

参考答案:

(本小题7分)   有汽车吊站位的地面承载力试验(1分)、大型设备拖运路经楼面承裁力核算(1分)、墙体上拖运用预埋锚点的强度计算(1分)。因为汽车吊站在经大开挖回填后的路面上(2分);楼面或锚点的使用(1分)必须经设计单位书面认定(1分)。

阅读理解

 A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief breaks. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.

  "I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart – kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.

  Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone.

  Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers aroused interest in the subject. But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at Internet overuse. The American Psychiatric Association may also consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up, on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web.

The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the latest survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers. About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling " still occupied by the Internet when offline."

  "The Internet problem is still in its early stage," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. The problem is not limited to porn (色情) or gambling websites.”

  “Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but in terms of losses.”said Maressa Orzack. "If it's a loss where you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."

  Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.

  The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:

  ● Having a sense of happiness or excitement while at the computer.

  ● Longing for more and more time at the computer.

  ● Neglect of family and friends.

  ● Feeling empty, depremssed or irritable when not at the computer.

  ● Lying to employers and family about activities.

  ● Inability to stop the activity.

  ● Problems with school or job.

  Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.

  “People who struggle with Internet overuse maybe depressed or have other mood disorders.” Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement and fun," she said. “Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed.”

  Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."

  Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.

  “There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in with online gaming, ”said Heidrich, now a father of two. People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly “to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check”.

  Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line:“I have an Internet Addiction.”

  “I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work, to take care of my home, to give attention to my children,”she wrote in a message sent to the group. “I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my loan and face losing everything.”

  Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."

小题1: What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?

A.Her daughter's repeated complaints.

B.Tiredness resulting from lack of sleep.

C.The poorly managed state of her house.

D.The high financial costs adding up.小题2:What is the main idea of para4?

A.A study claimed to be the first large-scale look at Internet overuse.

B.The American Psychiatric Association plans to list Internet addiction in its edition.

C.There are heated discussions about negative experiences over internet overuse.

D.There is a growing concern towards internet addiction.小题3: According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.

A.it seriously affected family relationships

B.one visited porn websites frequently

C.too much time was spent in chat rooms

D.people got involved in online gambling小题4: According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy dependence on    

the Internet may feel ______.

A.discouraged

B.pressured

C.depressed

D.puzzled小题5: Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to _____.

A.improve his online gaming skills

B.control his desire for online gaming

C.show how good he is at online gaming

D.exchange online gaming experience小题6:Which of the following best describes the tone(口吻) of the passage ?

A.Humorous

B.Ironic

C.Objective

D.Casual

单项选择题