问题 问答题

(1)下列说法中正确的是______

A.当分子间的距离增大时,分子间的引力变大而斥力变小

B.布朗运动反映了悬浮在液体中固体颗粒分子的无规则运动

C.气体对器壁的压强是由大量气体分子对器壁频繁碰撞而产生的

D.随着低温技术的发展,我们可以使温度逐渐降低,并最终达到绝对零度

(2)若一定质量的理想气体分别按下图所示的四种不同过程变化,其中表示等压变化的是______

(3)在一个大气压下,1g水在沸腾时吸收了2260J的热量后变成同温度的水蒸汽,对外做了170J的功,阿伏伽德罗常数NA=6.0×1023mol-1,水的摩尔质量M=18g/mol.则①水的分子总势能变化了______J;②1g水所含的分子数为______(结果保留两位有效数字).

答案

(1)A、当分子间的距离增大时,分子间的引力和斥力都变小.故A错误.

B、布朗运动是悬浮在液体中固体颗粒的运动,是由于液体分子规则的碰撞造成的,则布朗运动反映了液体中分子的无规则运动.故B错误.‘

C、气体对器壁的压强是由大量气体分子对器壁频繁碰撞,对器壁形成持续的压力而产生的.故C正确.

D、根据热力学第三定律得知,绝对零度只能接近,不能达到.故D错误.

故选C

(2)A、B气体做等压变化,压强不变,而A、B图象中的压强是变化的,故A、B错误;

C、D根据气态方程:

pV
T
=C(常数),有V=
CT
p
,由于是等压变化,故
C
p
为常数,因此V-T图为过原点的倾斜的直线,故C正确.

D、由图知气体的压强不变,作等压变化,故D正确.

故选CD.

(3)①水作等温变化,分子平均动能不变,因分子数总数不变,分子的总动能不变.

根据热力学第一定律得:△U=Q+W

得水的内能变化量为△U=2260-170J=2090J,水的内能增大2090J,则水的分子总势能增大了2090J.

②1g水所含的分子数为n=

m
M
NA=
1
18
×6×1023
=2.2×1022

故答案为:

(1)C;

(2)CD;

(3)①2090;②2.2×1022个.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    Mr. and Mrs. White had two sons and three daughters. One Sunday, Mrs. White said to her husband,

"The children don't have any lessons today,and you are free too. There's a new funfair (游乐场) in the

park. Let's all go there to play."

    Her husband said, "I want to finish some work today." "Oh, forget it. Go there and make our children

happy. That's the most important work." Mrs. White said. 

   So Mr. and Mrs. White took their children to the funfair. Mr. White was forty-five years old, but he

enjoyed the funfair more than his children. He hurried from one thing to another, and ate lots of sweets.

One of the children said to her mother, "Dad is just like a small child, isn't he, Mom?" Mrs. White didn't

want to follow her husband around any more at that time and answered, "He is even worse than a small

child, Mary, because he might spend more money than a small child."

1. There were ______ children in the White family.

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. five

2. One Sunday, Mr. and Mrs. White wanted to go to ______ with their children.

A. school

B. work

C. a funfair

D. a shop

3. Mrs. White thought the most important work that day was to _______.  

A. make their children happy    

B. let Mr. White finish his work   

C. spend more money playing    

D. make Mr. White follow her

4. From the story we know Mrs. White ______ when Mary asked her the question.

A. was still excited to play

B. was a little angry with Mr. White

C. looked for Mr. White everywhere

D.ate a lot of sweets

5. Of all the family members, ______ enjoyed playing there most that Sunday.

A. Mr. White

B. Mrs. White

C. Mary

D. the boys

单项选择题