问题 问答题

(1)氦原子被电离一个核外电子,形成类氢结构的氦离子.已知基态的氦离子能量为E1=-54.4eV,氦离子能级的示意图如图1所在具有下列能量的光子中,不能被基态氦离子吸收的是______

A.60.3eV          B. 51.0eV

C.43.2eV          D.54.4eV

(2)一个静止的88226Ra,放出一个速度为2.22×107m/s的粒子,同时产生一个新核86222Rn,并释放出频率为ν=3×1019Hz的γ光子.写出这种核反应方程式______;这个核反应中产生的新核的速度为______;因γ辐射而引起的质量亏损为______.(已知普朗克常量h=6.63×10-34J•s)

(3)图2质量相等且m1、m2都等于1kg的两个小球在光滑的水平面上分别以速度v1=2m/s、v2=1m/s同向运动并发生对心碰撞,碰后m2被右侧的墙原速弹回,又与m1相碰,碰后两球都静止.求两球第一次碰后m2球的速度大小______.

答案

(1)60.3eV、54.4eV 的能量均可以使该离子电离,可以被吸收;51.0eV能量满足第四能级和基态的能级差,可以使离子吸收后跃迁到第4能级,可以被吸收;由能级图可知各能级之间的能量差没有等于43.2eV 的,故该光子不能被吸收,故ABD错误,C正确.

故选C.

(2)根据电荷数和质量数守恒可知该核反应方程为:88226Ra→86222Rn+24He;

反应前后动量守恒,设新核速度为V,设α质量为4m,则新核质量为222m,由动量守恒得:4mv=222mV,解得V=4×105m/s;

亏损的质量转化为能量以光子的形式放出,所以有:△E=mC2=hv,带入数据得△m=2.21×10-31kg.

故答案为:88226Ra→86222Rn+24He,4×105m/s,2.21×10-31kg.

(3)两次碰撞过程都满足动量守恒条件,所以有:

一次碰撞时,选择向右为正方向,有:m1v1+m2v2=m1 

v/1
+m2
v/2
   ①

第二次碰撞后都停止所以有:m1 

v/1
 -m2
v/2
=0                       ②

联立①②可得:

v12
=
m1v1+m2v2
2m1
=1.5m/s

故两球第一次碰后m2球的速度大小为1.5m/s.

阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

       Look at these boys. Each of them holds a stick (棍子), and wears a tiny moustache (胡子) and a pair of

glasses. They cover their heads and bodies with white cloth. They look just like Mohandas Gandhi, one of the

greatest leaders in India.

       It was Gandhi's 140th birthday. The boys dressed like Gandhi to celebrate it.

       Gandhi was born in 1869. At that time, India was under British rule (统治). The British did not treat (对待)

the Indians fairly. Gandhi wanted to change the society. In 1920, he came up with his famous idea of

non-violent protest (非暴力抗议). He asked people not to buy British goods (货物). In 1947, he helped India

win its independence (独立).

       Today, people in India have a better life. But they don't forget what Gandhi did for them. They teach their

children to be thankful to this great leader.

1. Gandhi was born in ________. [ ]

A. 1869

B. 1947

C. 1920

D. 1900

2. Gandhi was a (n) ________. [ ]

A. American

B. Indian

C. Chinese

D. British

3. In 1920, he came up with his famous idea of non-violent protest. In this sentence "came up with" means in

    Chinese ________. [ ]

A. 想起

B. 赞同

C. 提出

D. 讨论

4. Gandhi's famous idea was to ask people ________. [ ]

A. to fight against the British with guns

B. not to buy British things

C. to burn the British people's houses

D. to stop speaking English

5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? [ ]

A. The boys in the celebration wore white clothes to respect Gandhi.

B. Gandhi was born in 1869 when his country was free from British rule.

C. Today Indians' lives become much better.

D. Gandhi was famous for his violent protest.

单项选择题