问题 阅读理解与欣赏

我的信念

        ⑴生活对于任何一个人都非易事。我们必须有坚韧不拔的精神。最要紧的,还是我们自己要有信心。我们必须相信,我们对每一件事情都具有天赋的才能,并且,无论付出任何代价,都要把这件事完成。当事情结束的时候,你要能够问心无愧地说:“我已经尽我所能了。”

       ⑵有一年的春天,我因病被迫在家里休息数周。我注视着我的女儿们所养的蚕正在结茧,这使我感兴趣。望着这些蚕固执地、勤奋地工作,我感到我和它们非常相似。像它们一样,我总是耐心地把自己的努力集中在一个目标上。我之所以如此,或许是因为有某种力量在鞭策着我——正如蚕被鞭策着去结茧一般。

       ⑶近五十年来,我致力于科学的研究,而研究,就是对真理的探讨。我有许多美好快乐的记忆。少女时期我在巴黎大学,孤独地过着求学的岁月;在后来献身科学的整个时期,我丈夫和我在简陋的书房里艰辛地研究。后来我们就在那里发现了镭。

       ⑷我永远追求安静的工作和简单的家庭生活。为了实现这个理想,我竭力保持宁静的环境,以免受人事的干扰和盛名的拖累。

       ⑸我深信,在科学方面,我们有对事而不是对财富的兴趣。当皮埃尔·居里和我考虑要不要在我们的发现上取得经济利益时,我们都认为不能违背我们纯粹研究的观念。因而我们没有申请镭的专利,也就抛弃了一笔财富。我坚信我们是对的。诚然,人类需要讲究现实的人,他们在工作中获得很多的报酬。但是,人类也需要梦想家——他们受事业的强烈的吸引,既没有闲暇也没有热情去谋求物质上的利益。我唯一的奢望是在一个自由国家中,以一个自由学者的身份从事研究工作。我从没有把这种权益视为理所应当,因为在二十四岁以前,我一直居住在被占领和被蹂躏的波兰。我估量过在法国得到自由的代价。

       ⑹我并非生来就是一个性情温和的人。我很早就知道,许多敏感的人,即使受了一言半语的呵责,也会过分懊恼,因而我尽量克制自己的敏感。从我丈夫温和沉静的性格中我获益匪浅。当他猝然长逝以后,我便学会了逆来顺受。我年纪渐老,我更会欣赏生活中的种种琐事,如栽花、植树、建筑,对朗诵诗歌和仰望星辰也有一点兴趣。

       ⑺我一直沉醉于世界的优美之中,我所热爱的科学也不断增加它崭新的远景。我认定科学本身就具有伟大的美。一位从事研究工作的科学家,不仅是一个技术人员,而且是一个小孩儿,沉醉于大自然的景色,好像迷醉于神话故事一般。这种科学的魅力,就是使我能够终生在实验室里埋头工作的主要原因。

1.第⑴段中居里夫人认为对待生活应有哪两种态度?

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2.居里夫人对“蚕结着茧子”感兴趣的原因是什么?

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3.第⑵段中说“或许是因为有某种力量在鞭策着我”,这“某种力量”指的是什么?

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4.第⑸段中的“寻求现实的人”与“梦想家”有什么区别?居里夫人对这两类人的态度分别是什么?

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5.第⑺段中“他更像一个小孩儿,沉醉在如同神话故事一样的大自然中”一句强调了科学家怎样的特点?

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6.“科学的这种魅力,就是使我终生能够在实验室里埋头工作的主要因素了”一句中“科学的魅力”指的是什么?

  __________________________________________________________________________________________

答案

1、我们必须有坚韧不拔的精神,我们自己要有信心。

2、这些蚕固执地,勤奋地工作着,我感到我和它们非常相似。

3、对科学的执着探索。

4、“追求现实的人”是想在工作中获得报酬,“梦想家”是被科学研究强烈地吸引着,他们忘我地工作着,没有闲暇,也没有热情去谋求物质上的利益。对前者表示理解,对后者表示赞同。

5、对科学的痴迷和热爱。

6、科学本身的伟大的美。(以上凡主观题,意思对即可)

多项选择题
填空题


In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual’s own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.