问题 计算题

(16分)如图所示,两水平放置的平行金属板a、b,板长L=0.2 m,板间距d=0.2 m.两金属板间加可调控的电压U,且保证a板带负电,b板带正电, 忽略电场的边缘效应.在金属板右侧有一磁场区域,其左右总宽度s=0.4 m,上下范围足够大,磁场边界MN和PQ均与金属板垂直,磁场区域被等宽地划分为n(正整数)个竖直区间,磁感应强度大小均为B=5×10-3T,方向从左向右为垂直纸面向外、向内、向外…….在极板左端有一粒子源,不断地向右沿着与两板等距的水平线OO′发射比荷=1×108 C/kg、初速度为v0=2×105 m/s的带正电粒子。忽略粒子重力以及它们之间的相互作用.

(1)当取U何值时,带电粒子射出电场时的速度偏向角最大;

(2)若n=1,即只有一个磁场区间,其方向垂直纸面向外,则当电压由0连续增大到U过程中带电粒子射出磁场时与边界PQ相交的区域的宽度;

(3)若n趋向无穷大,则偏离电场的带电粒子在磁场中运动的时间t为多少?

答案

(1)400V (2)(3)

题目分析:(1)(4分)设速度偏向角为(,则,显然当vy最大时,( 最大。

当粒子恰好从极板右边缘出射时,速度偏向角最大。          (1分)

竖直方程:;                       (1分)

水平方程:                                    (1分)

解得:                (1分)

(2)(7分)由几何关系知,逐渐增大Uba,速度偏向角变大,磁偏转半径变大,与PQ交点逐渐上移。             

时,交点位置最低(如图中D点):                         

,    (1分)

此时交点D位于OO′正下方0.4m处。    (1分)

时,交点位置最高(如图中C点):

,       (1分)

,   (1分)

,得,   (1分)

,得入射方向为与水平方向成45°角

由几何关系得,此时交点位于OO′正上方处。 (1分)

所以交点范围宽度为             (1分)

(3)(5分)考虑粒子以一般情况入射到磁场,速度为v,偏向角为(,当n趋于无穷大时,运动轨迹趋于一条沿入射速度方向的直线(渐近线)。                     (1分)

又因为速度大小不变,因此磁场中运动可以等效视为匀速直线运动。       (1分)

轨迹长度为,运动速率为                 (1分)

时间                                            (1分)

代入数据解得:                                 (1分)

【评分参考】:第(3)问中:①若直接写,得2分;②如果学生用微元过程证明,并得出总时间为定值,也可得过程分2~3分,结果对再给2分

单项选择题
单项选择题

The nobler and more perfect a thing is, the later and slower it is becoming mature. A man reaches the mature (1) of his reasoning powers and mental faculties (2) before the age of twenty-eight; a woman at eighteen. And then, too, in the case of woman, it is the only reason of a sort--very mean in its (3) . That is why women remain children their whole life long; never seeing (4) but what is quite close to them, (5) fast to the present moment, taking appearance for (6) , and preferring (7) to matters of the first importance. For it is (8) his reasoning faculty that man does not live in the present only, (9) the brute, but looks about him and considers the past and the future; and this is the origin of (10) , as well as that of care and anxiety which so many people (11) Both the advantages and the disadvantages, which this (12) , are (13) in by the woman to a smaller extent because of her weaker power of reasoning. She may, in fact, be described as intellectually shortsighted, (14) , while she has an immediate understanding of what lies quite close to her, her field of (15) is narrow and does not reach to what is (16) ; so that things which are absent, or past, or to come, have much less effect upon women than upon men. This is the reason why women are inclined to be (17) and sometimes carry their desire to a (18) that borders upon madness. In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it--if possible during their husband’s life, (19) , at any rate, after his death. The very fact that their husband hands them (20) his earnings for purposes of housekeeping strengthens them in this belief.

3()

A.dimensions

B.perspectives

C.indices

D.diameters