问题 问答题

下表是元素周期表的一部分.表中所列的字母分别代表一种化学元素.

a
bcdef
ghijklm
no

试回答下列问题:

(1)第三周期8种元素单质熔点高低顺序如图1,其中序号“8”代表______(填元素符号);

(2)由j原子跟c原子以1:1相互交替结合而形成的晶体,晶型与晶体j相同.两者相比熔点更高的是______(填化学式),试从结构角度加以解释:______.

(3)元素c的一种氧化物与元素d的一种氧化物互为等电子体,元素c的氧化物分子式是______,该分子是由______键构成的______分子(填“极性”或“非极性”);元素d的氧化物的分子式是______.

(4)i单质晶体中原子的堆积方式如图2甲所示(面心立体最密堆积),其晶胞特征如图2乙所示.则晶胞中i原子的配位数为______,一个晶胞中i原子的数目为______;晶胞中存在两种空隙,分别是______、______.

答案

(1)第三周期8种元素的单质中只有Si为原子晶体,熔沸点最大,由图可知序号“8”代表的为Si,故答案为:Si;

(2)由j原子跟c原子以1:1相互交替结合而形成的晶体为SiC,晶型与晶体j相同,都是原子晶体,但由于C的原子半径小,SiC中C-Si键键长比晶体Si中Si-Si键长短,键能大,因而熔沸点高,

故答案为:SiC;因SiC晶体与Si晶体都是原子晶体,由于C的原子半径小,SiC中C-Si键键长比晶体Si中Si-Si键长短,键能大,因而熔沸点高;

(3)元素c的一种氧化物与元素d的一种氧化物互为等电子体,应为CO2和N2O,电子数都为22,其中CO2为极性键形成的非极性分子,

故答案为:CO2;极性;非极性;N2O;

(4)晶胞中距离最近的原子为位于定点和面心位置的两个原子,每个定点周围有3×

1
2
×8=12个原子,即配位数为12,晶胞中原子位于定点和面心,晶胞中含有Al的个数为8×
1
8
+6×
1
2
=4,观察晶胞结构可知晶胞中存在两种空隙,分别是正四面体空隙、正八面体空隙.

故答案为:12;4;正四面体空隙;正八面体空隙.

完形填空
One of the warmest Christmas memories that I have was the year that I was Santa Claus.I was a young substitute(替代者)for a ____with a new family just starting out in life.I was ____ to work at the local grade school on the last day ____ the Christmas holidays.
I can still ____ going from classroom to classroom and doing my best to____both old and joyful at the same time.I was about 50 pounds heavier then,____I had the round little belly part down fine.My beard,however,was another ____as it kept sliding halfway down my face.I thought that more than a few of the kids ____me,but it didn't matter.They still enjoyed ____ Santa.They still laughed and delighted in their__45__gifts and candy canes.They still felt joyous and happy.They still knew that they were____and that was all that mattered to them.
If there is one____that I could give to each of you at Christmas time and____day of the year,it would be that knowledge that you are loved.You are loved and ____by a greater love than you could ever imagine.You are loved by God who____you.In all the difficulties,problems,and heartaches this world ____,you are loved.In all the obstacles you must overcome,challenges you must ____,and pains you must go through,you are loved.In all the mistakes you make,times you stumble(绊倒),and___ paths you take,you are loved.You are loved every second in your life with a glorious love that will ____end.
Know that you are loved.Know that God loves you always.Rejoice(欣喜)in this love with the ____heart of a child.And then,like a jolly(欢乐的)laughing Santa,go out and share it with the world.
小题1:
A.workerB.farmerC.studentD.teacher
小题2:
A.called inB.called onC.called downD.called at
小题3:
A.afterB.beforeC.duringD.over
小题4:
A.regretB.stopC.rememberD.consider
小题5:
A.tasteB.soundC.smellD.feel
小题6:
A.butB.andC.soD.still
小题7:
A.matterB.poundC.giftD.knowledge
小题8:
A.recognizedB.welcomedC.visitedD.memorized
小题9:
A.buyingB.sellingC.writingD.seeing
小题10:
A.bigB.smallC.oldD.ugly
小题11:
A.hatedB.thrownC.lovedD.forgotten
小题12:
A.thingB.manC.womanD.school
小题13:
A.anotherB.everyC.oneD.either
小题14:
A.looked outB.looked forC.watched overD.watched out
小题15:
A.keptB.madeC.likedD.removed
小题16:
A.takesB.fetchesC.carriesD.brings
小题17:
A.faceB.handC.breakD.please
小题18:
A.right B.wrongC.realD.busy
小题19:
A.seldomB.oftenC.neverD.almost
小题20:
A.joyousB.angryC.jealousD.pitiful
多项选择题