问题 问答题 简答题

简述X理论的要点和相应的领导行为。

答案

参考答案:

X、Y理论是两种有关领导人如何看待被领导人的理论,也就是按照领导人对被领导人的不同看法而采用的不同领导方式和领导行为的理论。

X理论中领导者对被领导者的看法:

(1)一般人的本性是不喜欢工作,因此总是竭力设法逃避工作;

(2)极大多数人没有抱负,怕负责任,希望奉叩而为,宁愿接受他人的领导与指挥Z

(3)对自身经济的安全的需要看得高于一切;

(4)以自我为中心,对组织的目标模不关心;

(5)人习惯于守旧,反对变革;

(6)人缺乏理性,容易受人的欺骗和煽动,常有盲从举动等。

相应的领导方式与领导行为:

(1)由于上述观点是把职工看做机器一样消极被动的工具,因此领导者就只注意通过制定各种严格的规章制度和办法,运用领导者的权力和严格的控制系统,来指挥监督职工行为,保证组织目标的实现;

(2)把金钱当成一种最主要的激励手段,把惩罚作为协调人员行为的主要管制措施;

(3)总之是一种只关心工作任务的完成而不关心职工的感情和精神需要的领导方式。

完形填空
Mary and Peter were having a picnic near a river when Mary noticed something flying overhead. “       ,”she shouted to her friends. “That’s a spaceship up there and it’s going to         here.”
Frightened (吓唬) by the strange silver colored spaceship,        of the young people got in their       and drove away quickly. Peter         Mary and was always close to her. They, more           than frightened, watched the spaceship land, saw a door open. When nobody         , they went to the spaceship and looked into it. In the center of the floor         was a pile of food. Peter followed Mary into the spaceship and didn’t       the door close behind him. The temperature fell quickly and the        young people lost consciouseness (知觉) . When they woke up, they were          to see that they were back by the river        . The spaceship had gone. Their car was nearby.
“What        ?” said Mary.
“Don’t ask me; perhaps we had a          .” Peter said slowly. “Did you …. Did you see a spaceship?”
“Yes, ” said Mary. “Oh, Peter, we          have seen a UFO coming from another world.”
小题1:
A.LookB.ComeC.StopD.Stand
小题2:
A.arriveB.comeC.landD.leave
小题3:
A.noneB.someC.manyD.most
小题4:
A.carsB.roomsC.housesD.buses
小题5:
A.knewB.likedC.sawD.met
小题6:
A.afraidB.worriedC.carefulD.curious (好奇)
小题7:
A.come alongB.came over C.came outD.came round
小题8:
A.itB.thereC.thatD.this
小题9:
A.knowB.thinkC.hear D.hope
小题10:
A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five
小题11:
A.happyB.surprisedC.interestedD.ready
小题12:
A.againB.tooC.laterD.finally
小题13:
A.startedB.stoppedC.happenedD.landed
小题14:
A.restB.dreamC.drinkD.walk
小题15:
A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.must
单项选择题