问题 问答题 论述题

论述从众现象产生的原因和从众心理对群体决策的影响与对策。

答案

参考答案:

从众行为是指个体在观念与行为朝向上与多数人相一致的现象。

其产生的原因有两个,一是在群体中,由于个体不愿标新立异、与众不同,从而让自己感到焦虑、被群体孤立;二是源于一种群体对个体的无形压力,迫使一些成员违心地产生与自己意愿相反的行为。因为人们在一个集体中长期工作,由于相互的影响和同一文化环境的原因,成员之间往往存在着一种心理上、思维方式上和价值观的自觉或不自觉的心理趋同现象。从众心理会让群体决策产生一边倒的观点意见,使得集体决策失去意义。

应对这种消极影响的对策有,知识警示、主持者公正、主持者引导批判质疑、主持者设置反对者角色、有二次讨论机会或外请专家等。

阅读理解

A boy and his father went walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurt himself, and cried, “AAAhhhhhhhh!!!” To his surprise, he heard the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain, “AAAhhhhhhhh!!!” Then the boy shouted, “Who are you?” He received the answer, “Who are you?” He got angry at the answer, so she shouted, “Foolish!” He received the answer, “Foolish!”

He looked at his father and asked, “What’s going on?” The father smiled and said, “My son, listen,” And then he shouted to mountain, “I love you!” The voice answered, “I love you!” Again the man cried, “You are the best!” The voice answered, “You are the best!”

The boy was surprised, but did not understand. Then the father explained (解释), “People call this Echo, but really this is life. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is just a reflection(反映)of what we have done. If you want more love in the world, have more love in your heart. If you want to be successful, work hard,. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it.”

小题1:At first the boy cried because _______.

A.he hurt himself and felt bad

B.he wanted to give himself a surprise

C.he felt it was so quiet in the mountain

D.he hoped his father would help him小题2:When the boy heard the voice repeating, he thought________.

A.it was foolish to hear others’ voice

B.someone else in the mountain liked his voice

C.there were many other people in the mountain

D.he was laughed at by someone else in the mountain小题3:The father shouted to the mountain to ________.

A.find out who was repeating his voice

B.have fun with other people in the mountain

C.show more examples to his son before giving him the answer

D.let his son know whose voice was louder小题4: The word “Echo” means__________.

A.life itself

B.repeating voice

C.love in the world

D.everything in life小题5:From the story, we know _________.

A.the boy didn’t like others’ voice at all

B.the father had his own way to teach his son

C.it is not polite to repeat others’ voice

D.the boy and his father were rather tired

单项选择题