阅读理解。

       We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by

testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

      We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in

the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. As

we are used to passive learning, it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with

friends and co-workers.

      Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even

when it is nothing but hearsay and rumor (谣言).

      Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show

it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it

to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message

word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original

message has changed.

      That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes

the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative understanding

to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping (打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear

it think they know.

      This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be

re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless

it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the

explanation he placed upon those facts.

1. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _____. [ ]

A. doing a medical experiment

B. solving a math problem

C. visiting an exhibition

D. doing scientific reasoning

2. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____. [ ]

A. a message may be changed when being passed on

B. a message should be delivered in different ways

C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing

D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor

3. What can we infer from the passage? [ ]

A. Active learning is less important.

B. Passive learning may not be reliable.

C. Active learning occurs more frequently.

D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.