问题 填空题

【物质结构与性质】

决定物质性质的重要因素是物质结构。请回答下列问题。

(1)(2分)CH3、·CH3、CH3都是重要的有机反应中间体,有关它们的说法正确的是

A.它们均由甲烷去掉一个氢原子所得

B.它们的空间构型相同,碳原子均可以采取sp2杂化

C.CH3与NH3、H3O+互为等电子体,几何构型均为三角锥形

D.CH3中的碳原子采取sp3杂化,所有原子均共面(2)(3分)在极性分子中,正电荷重心同负电荷重心间的距离称偶极长,通常用d表示。极性分子的极性强弱同偶极长和正(或负)电荷重心的电量(q)有关,一般用偶极矩(μ)来衡量。分子的偶极矩定义为偶极长和偶极上一端电荷电量的乘积,即μ=d·q。试回答以下问题:

①HCl、CS2、H2S、SO2四种分子中μ=0的是                    

②实验测得:μPF3=1.03、μBCl3=0。由此可知,PF3分子是    构型,BCl3分子是    构型。

(3)(2分)对物质的磁性研究表明:金属阳离子含未成对电子越多,则磁性越大,磁记录性能越好。离子型氧化物V2O5和CrO2中,适合作录音带磁粉原料的是__________________。

(4)(3分)利用光电子能谱证实:在洁净铁(可用于合成氨

反应的催化剂)的表面上存在氮原子,右图为氮原子在铁的晶面上的单层附着局部示意图(图中小黑 * * 代表氮原子,灰 * * 代表铁原子)。则在单层晶面上N/Fe原子数之比为________________。

(5)(2分)金属晶体的结构可用等径圆球的密堆积来描述,在等径圆球的最密堆积的各种形式中,立方最密堆积和六方最密堆积最为重要,请指出下图中哪个为立方最密堆积    (填“A”或“B”)

图A                    图B

答案

(1)C(2分)

(2)①CS2(1分) ②三角锥形(1分) 平面三角形(1分)

(3)CrO2(2分)

(4)1∶2(3分)(5)A(2分)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Have you ever been frustrated (沮丧的) when left talking to yourself after your mobile phone battery

runs out in the middle of a call?

     If yes, then here comes some good news. Scientists are now perfecting a way to recharge (充电)

electrical equipment while on the move.

     Researchers from the Netherlands, France and Portugal announced last week that they have developed

very thin solar panels (太阳能板) that can be put on clothes. They can also be added to furniture and

rooftops. They change light from the sun into electricity.

     In about three years, you'll be able to wear a jacket that will recharge your phone as you walk. For

camping fans, the development could lead to a tent which charges batteries all day so you can have light

or music at night.

     The basic technology of wearable solar panels is the same as that used for conventional (传统的) solar

panels. Pairs of sheets of semi-conducting silicon (半导体硅) are linked together to form the panel.

      But scientists made them much thinner by using different silicon. At one micro-metre, they are the

same thickness as photographic film.

     "This technology will make it easier for people to use clean energy sources," said Gerrit Kroesen, a

physicist in the Netherlands who led the team of scientists.

     But the thin panels are not as efficient as the thicker ones. While some solar panels now operate at an

efficiency of about 20 per cent, the new flexible (柔韧的) panels are only 7 per cent efficient. But the

scientists believe that this is worth accepting for a stronger and more useful panel.

    But the thinner panel is cheaper. An A4 sized panel put onto the back of a jacket costs less than US$13.

It could charge a cellphone during a summer walk in the countryside. As long as you stay within range of

the transmitting masts (发射天线) that relay a call to the networks, phones will never again run out of power.

1. What is the meaning of the phrase "on the move" in paragraph 2?

A. Taking a course of action.

B. Going from one place to another.

C. Changing clothes before moving.

D. Changing the mobile phone battery.

2.What is the passage mainly about?

A. A way to recharge electrical equipment.

B. A new kind of chargeable battery.

C. A new type of mobile phone.

D. A use of mobile phones.

3.What is the most important in the development of the technology?

A. Photographic film.

B. Warmer clothes.

C. Furniture and rooftops.

D. Thin flexible solar panels.

4.What is NOT likely to happen in the future?

A. You can listen to music in a campsite using the electricity from sunshine.

B. Your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call.

C. You wear a jacket that will recharge your phone.

D. You can change light from the sun into electricity.

单项选择题