问题 问答题

[案例三]

背景


某公路工程所需的主要建材有路基土方填料、砂石材料、水泥、沥青材料、沥青混合料和钢材等。所有材料均由项目部自己采购和组织运输。项目部材料采购部门拟按工程量清单、材料供应计划、材料用量计划、材料用款计划、材料采购计划的顺序进行材料计划管理,并对几种材料的主要工程指标及工程特性提出了如下要求(摘要):(1)对于碎石提出了可松散性要求;(2)为区分砂的粗细度,提出了砂的平均密度和湿度要求;(3)对于水泥提出了针入度的要求。
该项目在施工过程中,项目部有关部门通过资料分析,发现混凝土工程的实际成本比计划成本增加较多,主要原因是砂、碎石材料成本的增加。但有关资料表明,砂、碎石的购入原价与施工预算时的价格一致。
在工程施工中还发生了如下事件。
事件一:水泥混凝土结构局部出现了蜂窝、麻面,项目部认为并未影响结构,因此未做任何处理。
事件二:在满堂支架桥梁施工中,发生了支架垮塌,造成直接经济损失40万元。项目部在事后的第5天向上级公司进行了汇报。
事件三:在路基施工放样时,由于工期紧,项目部新购了一台全站仪后立即投入使用,并将一台超过规定周检确认时间间隔的仪器也投入使用,使路基工程按时完工。

问题:


逐条判断对材料工程指标及工程特性要求是否合理请说明理由。

答案

参考答案:第(1)条不合理。因为碎石应提出强度和耐磨性要求。
第(2)条不合理。因为应采用细度模数和平均粒径区分砂的粗细度。
第(3)条不合理。因为水泥应提出化学性质、物理性质(抗压强度和抗折强度)要求。

解析: 量差节约的途径有两个方面并有着不同的层欠:一是节约降耗,即减少定额内的物资消耗,这是通过优化施工方案,推行新材料、新技术、新工艺、优化试验配合比等减少定额用量来实现,这是科技进步和技术创新在降低材料用量也就是降低工程成本方面的体现。二是控制物耗.减少定额内的物资损耗。
降低物资损耗要做好以下几方面的工作:(1)工程材料的计量验收数量是以设计数量、场内运输和操作损耗定额、仓储损耗定额等为依据计算出来的,这些都属于材料消耗定额;(2)材料人员根据施工现场布置和料场情况,依据仓储损耗定额将材料损耗计入成本;(3)工程材料的发放工作是以限额领料单形式进行的;(4)工程材料的统计、核算工作均以限额领料单为依据;(5)大型设备的保养工作要依据施工定额的工故水平和材料消耗标准进行考核、核算;(6)工程材料、设备周转与摊销定额量是工程周转材料、设备余额值计算的依据。

阅读理解

A new study has found that the best way to make yourself feel happier is to think of something good that happened to you the day before.

Volunteers who were asked to remember a pleasant event from past 24 hours began to feel happier right away.Other activities such as saying “Thank you” and smiling also made volunteers feel happier, but not as much.

Professor Richard Wiseman of Hertfordshire University planned the study.He got 26,000 people to go online to try out a few different activities to make them feel happier.They were told to be nice, remember a pleasant event from the day before, give thanks or smile for 15 seconds twice a day.The volunteers did these activities for one week.

The result showed that thinking about one good thing that had happened the day before worked the best for making people happier.(146 words)

小题1:The text may probably be taken from _____.

A.a personal anecdote(轶事)

B.sports news

C.a history novel

D.brief news小题2:Volunteers who _____ began to feel happier right away.

A.thought of something good that happened the day before

B.were asked to remember a pleasant event from the past 24 hours

C.did other activities like saying “thank you” and smiling

D.went online to try out a few different activities小题3:From the text we know that Richard Wiseman is a(an) _____.

A.worker

B.artist

C.professor

D.director小题4:The best title may probably be _____.

A.Thinking about yesterday’s happiness to be happy today

B.Making a study to make people happier and younger

C.Letting out a secret to live a longer life

D.Doing experiments to make people happier

选择题