问题 填空题

实验室欲用NaOH固体配制1.0mol•L-1的NaOH溶液240mL:

(1)配制溶液时,一般可以分为以下几个步骤:

①称量 ②计算 ③溶解 ④倒转摇匀 ⑤转移 ⑥洗涤 ⑦定容 ⑧冷却

其正确的操作顺序为______.本实验必须用到的仪器有天平、药匙、玻璃棒、烧杯、胶头滴管、还有______.

(2)某同学欲称量一定量的NaOH固体,他先用托盘天平称量烧杯的质量,天平平衡后的状态如图. 烧杯的实际质量为______g,要完成本实验该同学应称出______g NaOH.

(3)使用容量瓶前必须进行的一步操作是______.

(4)在配制过程中,其他操作都是正确的,下列操作会引起浓度偏高的是______.

①没有洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒

②转移溶液时不慎有少量洒到容量瓶外面

③容量瓶不干燥,含有少量蒸馏水

④定容时俯视刻度线

⑤未冷却到室温就将溶液转移到容量瓶并定容

⑥定容后塞上瓶塞反复摇匀,静置后,液面低于刻度线,再加水至刻度线.

答案

(1)配制步骤有计算、称量、溶解、冷却、移液、洗涤、定容、摇匀等操作,一般用托盘天平称量,用药匙取用药品,在烧杯中溶解,冷却后转移到250mL容量瓶中,并用玻璃棒引流,当加水至液面距离刻度线1~2cm时,改用胶头滴管滴加,所以需要的仪器为:托盘天平、药匙、烧杯、玻璃棒、250mL容量瓶、胶头滴管,

故答案为:②①③⑧⑤⑥⑦④;250mL容量瓶;

(2)因天平的称量原理:左盘物体的质量=右盘物体的质量+游码的读数,所以烧杯的实际质量为27.4g,

因配制溶液的体积为240ml,而容量瓶的规格没有240ml,只能选用250ml,NaOH的质量m=cvM=1.0mol•L-1×0.25L×40g/mol=10.0g,

故答案为:27.4;10.0;

(3)因使用容量瓶前必须进行的一步操作是检查容量瓶是否漏水,故答案为:检查容量瓶是否漏水;

(4)①没有洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒,溶质的质量减少,浓度偏小,故①错误;

②转移溶液时不慎有少量洒到容量瓶外面,溶质的质量减少,浓度偏小,故②错误;

③容量瓶不干燥,含有少量蒸馏水,溶液的体积不变,浓度不变,故③错误;

④定容时俯视刻度线,溶液的体积偏小,浓度偏高,故④正确;

⑤未冷却到室温就将溶液转移到容量瓶并定容,冷却下来溶液的体积偏小,浓度偏高,故⑤正确;

⑥定容后塞上瓶塞反复摇匀,静置后,液面低于刻度线,再加水至刻度线,溶液的体积偏大,浓度偏小,故⑥错误;

故答案为:④⑤.

阅读理解

Museums in Atlanta

   Atlanta, Georgia is a great place for visitors seeking a little culture. There are Atlanta museums of all kinds, to interest adults and children. The history of the area is a fascinating one and it is documented in many of the museums. There are also collections of art and science based institutions and displays from the natural world.

The city is famous for many reasons, one of them being the World of Coca-Cola Museum. It's a worldwide product with a long history and the collection contains memorabilia(大事记) and handmade objects. Some of the documents go back to 1905. Visitors can see how a bottling plant operates and there are films about the history of the company. This Atlanta museum has a Pop Culture Gallery that shows paintings with the Coca-Cola image. At the end of the tour, visitors can buy a souvenir at the gift store.  

The Atlanta History Center,established in 1926, is most well-known for its civil war collection. There is also the exhibition of folk arts and the displays on the history of golf in the US. 

The state is also proud of its famous daughter, novelist Margaret Mitchell. The Margaret Mitchell House and Museum was founded in the house that the author shared with her husband from 1925 until 1932. It was here that she wrote her great book, Gone with the Wind. Much of this Atlanta museum is focused on the 1939 Hollywood film of the book.

Families and school outings are fortunate in having the Fernbank Science Center. It serves the local educational community and the public also enjoys the displays. There are a wide variety of exhibitions, including a collection of dinosaur skeletons, an electron microscope and a Apollo spacecraft. The museum also has an impressive botanical collection. 

The Georgia Aquarium(水族馆) is the largest one in the world and almost all the tourists place it high on their travel plan when visiting the city. There are numerous species to see and learn about. The highlights include whale sharks, electric fish,  Japanese spider crabs, Californian sea lions and African black-footed penguins.

Atlanta museums have something for everyone and will never disappoint you. 

小题1: The underlined word plant in Paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A.factory

B.movie

C.soft drink

D.handmade object小题2:Visitors interested in literature will probably go to _________.

A.The Georgia Aquarium

B.Fernbank Science Center

C.The Atlanta History Center

D.The Margaret Mitchell House and Museum小题3:Visitors who go to Pop Culture Gallery can see _____.

A.exhibition of folk arts

B.pictures of sea animals

C.collections of the civil war

D.paintings with the Coca-Cola image小题4:We can learn from the passage that ________.

A.Coca-Cola is popular with young visitors

B.most tourists want to visit the Georgia Aquarium

C.Science Center was set up by the local community

D.Atlanta museums mainly focus on art and literatur

单项选择题