问题 综合题

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 何为民国?美国总统林肯氏有言曰:“民之所有,民之所治,民之所享。”此之所谓民国也。何谓民权?即近来瑞士国所行之制:民有选举官吏之权,民有罢免官吏之权,民有创制法案之权,民有复决法案之权,此之谓四大民权也。必具有此四大民权,方得谓为纯粹之民国也。

——孙中山《建国方略》

材料二 人民要怎么样管理政府,就是实行选举权、罢免权、创制权和复决权;政府要怎么样替人民做工夫,就是实行行 * * 、立法权、司法权、考试权和监察权。有了这九个权,彼此保持平衡,民权问题才算是真解决,政治才算是有轨道。

——《孙中山全集》第九卷

(1)依据材料一,指出孙中山对民主政治的认识。(6分)

(2)材料二孙中山对政府权力的认识有何变化?结合所学知识加以评述。(6分)

答案

(1)政府坚持民有民治和民享原则;国民享有选举和罢免官吏、创制和复决法案权。(6分)

(2)变化:在西方三权分立基础上增加了考试权和监督权。(2分)

评述:孙中山在总结民主革命经验教训的同时,对西方民主政治的制度设计进行反思,并且继承了民族传统文化中的科举、监察等政治因素,体现了孙中山与时俱进的时代精神。(4分)

题目分析:

(1)材料一中孙中山认为:“民之所有,民之所治,民之所享。”此之所谓民国也;“民有选举官吏之权,民有罢免官吏之权,民有创制法案之权,民有复决法案之权,此之谓四大民权也。”民国政府应坚持民有、民治和民享的原则;国民享有选举和罢免官吏、创制和复决法案权。

(2)材料二孙中山认为政府的权力分为行 * * 、立法权、司法权、考试权和监察权五种,他在西方三权分立的基础上又增加了考试权和监督权。可见孙中山在借鉴西方民主政治制度的同时,又继承了中 * * 传统文化中的科举、监察等政治因素,体现了与时俱进的时代精神。

阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

     Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations,

They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.

1_____

     The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these

changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 2_____ So they are called "disease of

civilization". Many cancers and disease of blood system are examples of such diseases.

     Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or

tobacco, probably none. 3_____ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in

ancient times and that of today.

     Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They

ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made

very little use of grains. 4_____ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors (祖先). We eat more sugar. We

eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. 

     5_____ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors

did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

A. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.

B. People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.

C. Ancient people also lived in large groups.

D. But today, we eat a lot of these.

E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.

F. In that case, they would live much healthier.

G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.

单项选择题 B1型题