问题 填空题

(1)化学与我们的生活息息相关,就在我们身边。在“纯碱、食盐、不锈钢、石墨、熟石灰”中选择适当的物质填空:

① 属于合金的是        ; ② 可用作防腐和调味品的是      

③常用作电极的是       ; ④可用于洗涤剂生产的是             。   

(2)现有H、C、O、Ca四种元素,请选用其中的元素写出符合下列要求的化学式各一个:

①可做还原剂的气体化合物           ;   ② 由三种元素组成的酸         

③可用于改良酸性土壤的碱             ; ④可作补钙剂的盐               。

答案

(1)①不锈钢  ②食盐  ③石墨  ④纯碱

(2)①CO   ②H2CO3    ③Ca(OH)2      ④CaCO3

题目分析:根据常见物质的组成和性质分析。

(1)①合金是由金属和其他金属或非金属融合而成的、具有金属特性的物质,不锈钢就属于铁的合金;

② 用食盐腌制的食品可以存放很长的时间,故食盐可用作防腐剂;同时食盐也是重要的调味品,炒菜如果不放食盐,菜将食之无味;

③石墨具有优良的导电性,故可常用作电极;

④碳酸钠广泛应用于生产玻璃、造纸、纺织、洗涤剂的生产。

(2)①可做还原剂的气体化合物是一氧化碳,故其化学式为CO;   

② 由三种元素组成的酸是碳酸,故其化学式为H2CO3

③可用于改良酸性土壤的碱是熟石灰,故其化学式为Ca(OH)2; 

④可作补钙剂的盐是碳酸钙,故其化学式为CaCO3

点评:本题较简单,熟练掌握常见物质的组成特点和性质,以及常见物质的化学式即可轻松作答。

单项选择题


Passage One

My First Experience with AIDS Patients
我初次接触艾滋病人

by Marc Kielburger
I was ushered to the AIDS ward of a hospice in the slum.I would later learn that the ward did not exist,at least not officially.Not a single person in Thailand had AIDS,according to the Thai government at the time.People got"sick,"of course,sometimes"very sick."but no one had AIDS.The hospice was home to an ever-growing number of"very sick"people.
I entered the ward and was greeted by two Thai nurses.
"Thank goodness you are here,Marc,"said the first.
"You’re a doctor,right "
I shook my head.
"So you are a medical student then!"
I shook my head again.
"But you know medicine,right "
"Kinda,"I offered."I watch E.R.,every Thursday"
After a rapid exchange in Thai,the first one said,"NO problem.Get ready for your fou- hour medical school training!"
"But in my country medical school takes years!" I protested.
"We don’t have that long," she replied. "So we better get started. "
During the next few hours, I learned to clean wounds, administer IVs, treat bedsores, and dispense medicine. The work was punishing, made worse by stifling heat, frequent blackouts, and an incredible stench in the air. I tried desperately to hide my weak nerves and queasy stomach, but more than once dashed for the bathroom to throw up.
Just when it seemed my training was coming to an end, the nurse took me aside. "There are only two more things you need to know," she said. "On the left-hand side of the ward, you will find what we call the Exit Area. " As it turned out, she meant "exit" in the largest sense of the word. Terminally ill patients were hidden behind a curtain and then exited out of the ward after death. "The second thing you need to know," she continued, "is that we haven’t had a day off in three weeks. You’ll be looking after the ward by yourself for the next shift. "
My jaw dropped.
"Don’t worry, Mare," said the other nurse, patting me on the shoulder before turning to leave. "Think of this as the beginning of your residency !" And with that, they walked out. Alone and petrified, I tried unsuccessfully to keep calm.
I counted to twenty-four. That’s how many AIDS patients were in my charge. What am I going to do I thought. What can I do I fell back on my training with the Canadian government and put my talents to work. I served patients water-some with ice, some without. Next, I tried to cheer up everyone, myself included, giving enthusiastic high-fives to patient after patient. Soon enough, everyone was laughing. Some were laughing with me, others most definitely at me, but I didn’t care. As long as I could keep people smiling, I was sure it would all be fine. And it was. Until a short while later, when a patient in the Exit Area began to choke. He had fluid in his lungs and could not breathe. As I crossed the floor, I could hear the man gasping for air. Fumbling and scared, I pulled back the curtain and administered the medicine the nurses had recommended. The man didn’t respond. With nothing left to offer, I sat down and held his hand, looking into his eyes as he breathed heavily for a while and then stopped. Watching him slip away, I was hit by a feeling of anguish such as I’d never felt, either before or since. It haunts me to this day.

Which of the following did Marc NOT do to the patients

A.Giving them operations.

B.Amusing them.

C.Administering medicine to them.

D.Sitting by their deathbeds.

选择题