问题 问答题

目前我国中小学常用的教学原则体系包括哪些内容

答案

参考答案:目前我国中小学常用的教学原则体系,是在前苏联凯洛夫教育学的原则体系基础上发展起来的,具体内容包括:
(1)直观性原则:指根据教学活动的需要,让学生用自己的感官直接感知学习对象。
(2)启发性原则:指在教学中要充分调动学生学习的自觉积极性,使得学生能够主动地学习,以达成对所学知识的理解和掌握。
(3)系统性原则:指教学活动应当持续、连贯、有系统地进行。
(4)巩固性原则:指在教学中要不断地安排和进行专门的复习,使学生对所学的知识能够牢固地掌握和保存。
(5)量力性原则:指教学活动要适合学生的发展水平。
(6)思想性和科学性统一的原则:指教学要在科学的方法论的指导下进行。
(7)理论联系实际原则:指教学活动要把理论知识与生活和社会实践结合起来。
(8)因材施教原则:指教师在教学活动中应当照顾学生的个别差异。

阅读理解

I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year - round sun.You may think People ,n such an attractive, fun - filled place are happier than others.If so you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

Many intelligent people still think fun equals happiness.The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common.Fun is what we experience during an act.Happiness is what we experience after an act.It is a deep, long-lasting emotion.

Going to an amusement park or a ball game, watching a movie or television are fun activities that help us relax, temporally forget our problems and maybe even laugh.But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun.They have constant access to exciting parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness" But in memoir(回忆录) after memoir, they expose Ac unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages and loneliness.

Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying.If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment.For commitment is in fact quite painful.The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement.Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness.They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want.Couples with babies are lucky to get a whole night' s sleep.I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.

Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to.It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can truly increase our happiness.It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless.And it frees us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and famous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

小题1:What is the passage mainly about?

A.Fun and happiness.

B.Success and satisfaction.

C.Marriage and commitment.

D.Entertainment and responsibility.小题2:The author probably agrees that ____.

A.fun creates long - lasting satisfaction

B.long - standing fun may lead to happiness

C.fun is short-lived while happiness is long-lasting

D.fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness小题3:What does the author think of marriage?

A.It ends in pain.

B.It means commitment.

C.It affords greater fun.

D.It leads to raising children.

【小题14If one gets the real meaning of happiness, he ____.

A.will start a business

B.won' t place too much value on money

C.will seek for freedom

D.won't devote himself to his family

单项选择题 A1/A2型题