问题 选择题

下列说法中正确的是____________

A.对物体做功不可能使物体的温度升高

B.即使气体的温度很高,仍有一些分子的运动速率是非常小的

C.一定量气体的内能等于其所有分子热运动动能和分子之间势能的总和

D.如果气体分子总数不变,而气体温度升高,气体分子的平均动能增大,因此压强必然增大

答案

BC

考点:

分析:正确解答本题需要掌握:正确理解温度是分子平均动能的标志、内能等概念;理解改变物体内能的两种方式:做功和热传递;从微观角度解释气体压强变化的原因.

解答:解:A、做功和热传递都可以改变物体的内能,因此对物体做功可以使物体的温度升高,故A错误;

B、气体温度升高,分子的平均速率增大,这是统计规律,具体到少数个别分子,其速率的变化不确定,因此仍可能有分子的运动速率是非常小,故B正确;

C、物体的内能指所有分子热运动动能和分子之间势能的总和,故C正确;

D、气体温度升高,体积变化情况不知,根据气态方程可知,其压强的变化不确定,故D错误.

故选BC.

点评:本题考查了热学中的基本知识,对于这些基础知识要加强积累和记忆,平时加强练习.

阅读理解

Imagine living locked inside a closet. You can’t choose when and what to eat or how you will spend your time. You can’t even decide when the lights go on and off. Think about spending your whole life like this.

This is the life of lab animals.

Now consider the needs of these animals. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩),in their natural homes, are never separated from their families. They spend hours together every day. But in a lab, chimpanzees are put in cages alone. There are no families, only cold, hard cages, and loneliness that goes on for so many years that most of them lose their minds at last.

Worse yet are the experiments. Animals are given diseases they would never normally get. Experimenters force-feed(给……强行喂食) chemicals to them, conduct repeated surgeries(手术),and much more, Think of what it would be like to put up with these and then be thrown back into a cage, usually without any painkillers. Often animals see other animals being killed right in front of them.

Hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year in product tests for shampoos, skin creams and new cancer drugs. Although more than 500 companies have stopped testing on animals, some of them still force chemicals into monkeys’ stomachs and rabbits’ eyes.

Although some facilities are better than others at caring for animals—not every lab worker kills a mouse by cutting off its head with scissors—there are no happy animals inside laboratories. Will the lab life end? When will it end?

小题1:The passage mainly tells us about       .

A.animals’ lives in laboratories

B.cruel experiments on animals

C.the needs of animals in labs

D.facilities used to care for animals小题2:Animals in a lab         .

①are very cold, and in separate cages

②feel lonely locked inside a cage

③aren’t fed anything but chemicals

④are forced to undergo cruel tests

⑤are forced to eat chemicals

A.①③④

B.②③⑤

C.②④⑤

D.①④⑤小题3:We can infer from the passage that _________.

A.some companies have found ways to replace animal tests

B.animals normally get no strange diseases

C.animals are happy in labs with better facilities

D.painkillers can change the results of experiments小题4:The author’s attitude towards the future of animals for experiment can be described as _______.

A.positive

B.worried

C.satisfied

D.disappointed

单项选择题