问题 填空题

写出下列反应的化学方程式,并在括号内注明基本反应类型:

(1)正常雨水PH5.6__________________________       ;(         )反应;

(2)铜丝与硝酸银溶液反应                               ;(         )反 应;

(3)过氧化钠(Na2O2)与水反应生成一种碱和氧气           

答案

(1)CO2+H2O=H2CO3                  ( 化合 )反应;

(2)Cu+2AgNO3 =2Ag+Cu(NO3)2         ( 置换  )反应;

   (3) 2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑  

题目分析:根据化学反应事实和质量守恒定律书写化学方程式。

(1)正常的雨水呈酸性,是因为空气中的二氧化碳能与水反应生成碳酸,故反应的化学方程式为CO2+H2O=H2CO3,由于该反应是两种物质反应,生成一种物质的反应,故属于化合反应;

(2)由于铜比银活泼,故铜丝能与硝酸银溶液反应,生成银和硝酸铜,故反应的化学方程式为Cu+2AgNO3 =2Ag+Cu(NO3)2,该反应的反应物和生成物都是一种单质和一种化合物,故属于置换反应;

(3)根据题意,过氧化钠(Na2O2)与水反应生成一种碱和氧气,结合质量守恒定律中的元素守恒可知,该碱为氢氧化钠,故反应的化学方程式为2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑。

点评:在解此类方程式的书写题时,首先确定反应原理,然后再依据原理找出反应物、生成物和反应条件,根据方程式的书写规则书写方程式。

完形填空

第二节:阅读表达(共2小题;每小题2分,满分4分)阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容,完成下列各题。

Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames (绰号). Some people called him Bagamo. They said his mouth looked like a large bag, Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence (影响) on the world of music.

Born in 1901 in New Orleans, he grew up poor, but lived among great musicians. Jazz was invented in the city a few years before his birth. Armstrong often said,“Jazz and I grew up together.”

Armstrong showed a great talent (天赋) for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短号) at a boy’s home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal.

In 1922 he went to Chicago. There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins. From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song.

His cornet playing had a deep humanity (仁爱) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.”He was the father of the jazz style(风格) and also one of the best-known and most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6,1971, was headline news around the world.

Q1: When did he die?

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Q2: Why did some people call him “Bagamo”?  (no more than 9 words)

单项选择题

Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times No, the robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory explain the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.

Which of the following is the main idea of the passage

A. Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B. The study of sleep is an important art of the evolutionary theory.
C. Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D. The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.