问题 问答题

某大型商场为增值税一般纳税人,经销的商品适用的增值税税率为17%。企业所得税实行查账征收方式,适用的所得税税率为25%。假定每销售200元(含税价,下同)的商品其成本为120元(含税价),购进货物有增值税专用发票,为促销拟采用以下三种方案中的一种:
方案一:商品7折销售(折扣销售,并在同一张发票上分别注明)。
方案二:购物满100元,赠送30元的商品(成本18元,含税价)。
方案三:对购物满100元消费者返还30元现金。
假定企业单笔销售了200元的商品,请对该商场以上三种让利促销活动进行税收筹划。(不考虑城市维护建设税和教育费附加。)

答案

参考答案:方案一:商品7折销售这种方式下,企业销售价格200元的商品由于折扣销售只收取140元,所以销售收入为140元(含税价),其成本为120元(含税价)。
增值税情况:
应纳增值税额
=140/(1+17%)×17%-120/(1+17%)×17%=2.91(元)
企业所得税情况:
销售利润
=140/(1+17%)-120/(1+17%)
=17.09(元)
应纳企业所得税
=17.09×25%=4.27(元)
税后净利润=17.09-4.27=12.82(元)
方案二:购物满100元,赠送30元商品。
根据税法规定,赠送行为视同销售,应计算销项税额,缴纳增值税。视同销售的销项税额由商场承担,赠送商品成本不允许在企业所得税前扣除。按照个人所得税法的规定,企业还应代扣代缴个人所得税。其纳税及盈利情况如下。
应纳增值税额=200/(1+17%)×17%-120/(1+17%)×17%
=11.62(元)
按照增值税暂行条例规定,赠送60元商品应该视同销售,其增值税的计算如下。
应纳增值税额=60/(1+17%)×17%-36/(1+17%)×17%
=3.49(元)
合计应纳增值税
=11.62+3.49=15.11(元)
个人所得税情况:
根据个人所得税法规定,为其他单位和部门的有关人员发放现金、实物等应按规定代扣代缴个人所得税,税款由支付单位代扣代缴。为保证让利顾客60元,商场赠送的价值60元的商品为不含个人所得税额的金额,该税额应由商场承担。
商场需代顾客缴纳偶然所得的个人所得税=60/(1-20%)×20%=15(元)
企业所得税情况:
赠送商品成本不允许在企业所得税前扣除,同时代顾客交纳的个人所得税款也不允许税前扣除。
企业利润总额=200/(1+17%)-120/(1+17%)-36/(1+17%)-15
=22.61(元)
应纳所得税额=[200/(1+17%)-120/(1+17%)]×25%
=68.38×25%
=17.1(元)
税后净利润=22.61-17.1
=5.51(元)
购物满100元,返还现金30元。在这种方式下,返还的现金属于赠送行为,不允许在企业所得税前扣除,而且按照《个人所得税法》的规定,企业还应代扣代缴个人所得税。为保证让顾客得到60元的实惠,商场赠送的60元现金应不含个人所得税,是税后净收益,该税额应由商场承担。因此,和方案二一样,赠送现金的商场在缴纳增值税和企业所得税的同时还需为消费者代扣个人所得税。
应纳增值税税额=200/(1+17%)×17%-120/(1+17%)×17%
=11.62(元)
应代顾客缴纳个人所得税15元
企业利润总额=(200-120)/(1+17%)-60-15
=-6.62(元)
应纳所得税额=(200-120)/(1+17%)×25%
=17.09(元)
税后利润=-6.62-17.09
=-23.71(元)
从以上计算可以得出各方案综合税收负担比较如下表所示。

各方案税收负担综合比较表 (单位:元)
方 案 增值税 企业所得税 个人所得税 税后净利润
1 2.91 4.27 1282
2 15.11 17.1 15 5.51
3 11.62 17.09 15 23.71
从以上分析可以看出,顾客购买价值200元的商品,商家同样是让利60元,但对于商家来说税负和利润却大不相同。第一种方案最优,第二种方案次之,第三种方案,即采取返还现金方式销售的方案最不可取。

完形填空

The afternoon on December 25 in the waiting room, I was the nurse on duty. When I felt sad about having to    1 on Christmas Day, a woman and four small children showed up at my desk.
“Are you all sick?” I asked. “Yes.” the woman said    2  and lowered her head. But when it came to telling me about their    3 , things got a little surprising. They all seemed to be well and there was nothing    4  with their body.
Why did they tell a   5  that they were all sick? I did not say anything but    6  that it might be a little time before a doctor could    7  them . The mother said, “Take your time. We can    8  here. It’s so warm.” When she finished the register chart, I noticed she didn’t write down their address----were they    9 ?
I looked at the    10  around the Christmas tree. The children were excited and    11  to be healthy. The littlest one was pointing at the Christmas tree and said something to the mother. Then I was sure that they came here not because of    12  but only for warmth.
I went back to the nurses’ station and   13  the homeless family. The nurses,    14  about working on Christmas Day like me, turned to feel sorry for the family and decided to    15 .We bought delicious food in the hospital restaurant and    16  a big dinner for our guests. We needed    17 . So we put apples in a basket and collected candies and clothes. Just as we were seriously prepared to meet the physical needs of the    18 , our team worked to meet the needs of a family who just wanted to be    19  on Christmas Day.
Later, as the family was to    20 , the youngest child ran to me and said, “Thank you very much. Good bye. ”
小题1:
A.chooseB.workC.shopD.clean
小题2:
A.angrilyB.joyfullyC.weaklyD.loudly
小题3:
A.plans B.jobsC.habitsD.problems
小题4:
A.wrongB.newC.specialD.strange
小题5:
A.storyB.lieC.jokeD.secret
小题6:
A.explainedB.agreeC.promisedD.replied
小题7:
A.visitB.educateC.seeD.encourage
小题8:
A.sleepB.eatC.danceD.wait
小题9:
A.carelessB.homelessC.impoliteD.unhappy
小题10:
A.familyB.teamC.classD.police
小题11:
A.seemedB.wantedC.decidedD.happened
小题12:
A.funB.hungerC.illnessD.tiredness
小题13:
A.introducedB.mentionedC.reportedD.greeted
小题14:
A.writingB.learningC.worryingD.complaining
小题15:
A.leaveB.stopC.watchD.help
小题16:
A.preparedB.cookedC.orderedD.started
小题17:
A.vegetablesB.materialsC.presentsD.fruits
小题18:
A.doctorsB.patientsC.leadersD.nurses
小题19:
A.satisfiedB.excitedC.warmD.full
小题20:
A.watch B.singC.winD.Leave
单项选择题