问题 问答题 简答题

试述小儿头皮静脉穿刺的解剖学基础。

答案

参考答案:

头颈部浅静脉收集颅顶前、后部头皮,面部和颈部浅层结构的静脉血,通过颈内静脉和锁骨下静脉至上腔静脉。主要包括面前静脉(面静脉)、面后静脉、面总静脉以及颈外静脉等。

小儿头皮静脉穿刺通常选用颞浅静脉、耳后静脉、前额静脉等。

(1)颞浅静脉:位于两侧颞部,收集颅顶头皮的血液,汇入面后静脉。

(2)耳后静脉:起自颅顶后部的静脉丛,向下汇入颈外静脉,在耳郭后方与同名动脉伴行。

(3)前额静脉(滑车上静脉):在冠状缝处起于静脉丛,向下沿额骨表面垂直下降汇入面前静脉。

头皮静脉穿刺应沿静脉向心方向刺入。

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