问题 综合

读图和材料,回答下列问题。

材料一 伊犁河流尚在天山北支婆罗科努山与南支哈尔克山之间,最后经哈萨克斯坦注入巴尔喀什湖,其入湖水量占到总入水量的75% -80%左右。伊犁河为新疆径流量最丰富河流。伊犁河谷历史上是古丝绸之路的北道要冲。

材料二 巴尔喀什湖是世界上极少数有咸淡湖水分别占半的湖,以湖泊中部的萨雷姆瑟克半岛以北的乌泽纳拉尔湖峡(宽约3.5公里)为界。西部平均含盐量仅有1.48%0,东部平均含盐量则达到10.42%o

材料三 下图为伊犁河和巴尔喀什湖位置略图。

(l)结合材料一和二,分析巴尔喀什湖西部没有形成咸水湖的原因。(8分)

(2)结合材料一和所学知识,分析说明伊犁河谷成为古丝绸之路北道要冲的原因。(8分)

(3)根据伊犁河谷地区的优势条件,提出该流域的经济发展的方向。(6分)

答案

(1)巴尔喀什湖东西狭长(2分);中间为狭窄的水域乌泽纳拉尔湖峡,阻碍了湖泊东部和西部水体的交换(2分);巴尔喀什湖西部有伊犁河水的注入,伊犁河水量较大,稀释作用明显,而湖泊东部无淡水汇入。

(2)伊犁河谷呈东西走向,与古丝绸之路走向一致(2分);伊犁河谷地势相对低平(2分),便于人畜的通行,伊犁河谷水量丰富,提供了水源(2分);沿途村镇众多,农牧业发达,为过往商人提供食宿方便。(2分)

(3)利用优越的边境口岸位置,发展物流业和边境贸易(2分);利用丰富的旅游资源,发展旅游业(2分);利用优质的农牧业产品,发展农畜产品加工业(2分)。

题目分析:

(1)巴尔喀什湖西部接纳了伊犁河水,而且巴尔喀什湖东西狭长,中部狭窄,阻碍了湖泊东西部的水体交换,使得巴尔喀什湖西部盐度较低。

(2)首先,伊犁河谷走向与古丝绸之路走向一致。其次,新疆地区地形复杂,气候干旱,缺乏水源,而伊犁河谷地势较平坦且水量丰富,为过往商人提供了方便的交通环境并有能力为过往商人提供食宿。

(3)其优势有优质的农牧产品,丰富的旅游资源和作为边境口岸的地理位置。所以,该流域可以发展边境贸易,旅游业和农畜产品加工业等。

填空题

[A] The petitioners argue that repealing the tax will cost the Treasury billions of dollars in lost revenues and will result in either increased taxes in the long run or cuts to Medicare, Social Security, environmental protection and other government programs. Repealing the levy "would enrich the heirs of America’s millionaires and billionaires, while hurting families who struggle to make ends meet," the petition says.

[B] About 120 wealthy Americans had signed or supported a petition to oppose phasing out the tax. President Bush has included the repeal of the tax in his $1.6 trillion tax-cut proposal. Normally when "dozens" of Americans join in a political cause, it is not particularly noteworthy, but in this case the dozens include: George Soros, a billionaire financier; Warren Buffett, an investor listed as America’s fourth-richest person; the philanthropist David Rockefeller Jr. ; and William Gates Sr. , a Seattle lawyer and father of America’s richest man, Microsoft Corp. Chairman Bill Gates.

[C] Buffett and company cite these factors in their petition calling for opposition to the estate-tax repeal. They also discuss something that’s equally emotional and far more complex: the principle of meritocracy. The idea that everyone in America has an equal chance, that our fates are not determined by accidents of birth, is one of our core values. And nowhere is this principle more revered than in the technology economy; entrepreneurship is almost by definition an expression of meritocracy.

[D] Buffett told the Times that repealing the estate tax would be a "terrible mistake" and the equivalent of "choosing the 2020 Olympic team by picking the eldest sons of the gold medal winners in the 2000 Olympics. "

[E] An old brokerage commercial says: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He earned it." There was a perfect parody of the ad in which the line read: "He made his money the old-fashioned way: He inherited it. " In 20 or 50 or 100 years, which of these lines will be right Buffett and Soros and friends, to their credit, want to help make the first one real. Let’s hope this is only one step in that process.

[F] It was refreshing to see Buffett and George Soros and a number of other extremely wealthy luminaries stand up in opposition to President Bush’s proposed repeal of the estate tax. While the policy has some emotional attractions—it would protect the inheritors of some small businesses from having to sell the companies to pay taxes, and it is true that most people have been taxed on their savings once already—in practice the tax repeal would mainly be a windfall for a very small number of very, very rich people.

[G] President will make his case for his $1.6 trillion tax cut plan, delivering a speech at a community center in St. Louis. The proposal would slash federal tax rates across all levels of income, eliminate the so-called marriage penalty and phase out estate taxes. Democrats complain that the plan—which would cut the top rate from 39 to 33 percent—would disproportionately benefit the wealthy and unnecessarily squander expected budget surpluses. Some of the richest Americans are urging Congress not to repeal the estate tax, The New York Times reported on Wednesday. (Feb. 14)

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填空题