问题 问答题

联系自己的实际谈一谈影响人格发展的社会因素。

答案

参考答案:(1)家庭教养方式:家庭是儿童人格发展的主要场所。在影响人格发展的社会因素中,首当其冲的是父母的教养方式。专制型:父母不太考虑孩子自身的观点与感受,对孩子强制较多,关爱和温暖较少。这种教养模式下的儿童有中等程度的自信和自控力,但有时怀疑、退缩,不喜欢与同伴交往。放纵型:父母对孩子没有要求,放纵孩子的不成熟行为。这种教养模式下的儿童是最不成熟的,他们缺乏自我控制力和探索精神,有极强的依赖性,遇到新奇事物或紧张事情就会退缩。民主型:父母有威望但不独断,对孩子有严格要求又鼓励他们独立自主。这类教养模式下的儿童是最成熟的,他们有能力,独立性强,自信,知足,爱探索,善于控制自已,喜欢笑,自我肯定。(2)学校教育:学校教育是制约人格发展的主要环境条件。与其他社会环境因素比较,学校教育影响具有特殊性。学校教育是一种有目的,有计划的影响,学校按照一定社会的教育目标,有计划,有步骤地对青少年学生施加影响,因而直接制约着学生人格发展的方向和基本质量,并显现出连续性和一致性的特点。学校教育影响因凭借学生集体的力量而更加有效。学生活动多半是集体活动,学校的各种教育要求,经常以集体规范告示形式。对学生个人的认识、态度、行为等产生多方面的影响。学校教育影响的时间跨度长,贯穿个体人格发展的重要时期。(3)同辈群体:与同父母的关系相比,中学生与同龄伙伴的交往更加自由和平等。与同辈群体的交往使儿童能够探索人际关系,并发展人际敏感性,奠定儿童今后社会交往的基础,促进儿童的社会化和人格的发展。

单项选择题
阅读理解

C

In the mid 1990’s, people started doing business on the Internet. At that time, there were two kinds of companies. First, there were traditional companies. They sold things in stores. Then there were Internet companies. They didn’t have a store, and they only sold things on the Net.

Traditional companies didn’t want to lose any business. Quickly they made their own websites and began selling things on the Net. These are the so-called “brick and click” companies. Many stores are made of brick. And you click on your mouse to buy things with your computer. That’s where the name “brick and click” comes from.

By the late 1990’s, e-business like amazon.com, buy.com and etoys.com were in trouble. Their profits(利润) were not very high. Competition was great. Many of these business were losing lots of money. In 2000, many e-business went out of business.

Why are “brick and click” companies, like Barnes and Noble, Toys RVs and Walmart so successful? First, many customers know and trust their names. Their websites like walmart.com. are easy to remember. These companies also have lots of experience. They know how to run a successful business.

In the world of e-commerce, companies are fighting for every dollar and every customer. Will “brick and click” companies win the war? Only time will tell.

64 . Which of the following would be a “brick and click” company?

A. A restaurant.          

B. A clothing company with no website.

C. A bookseller with five stores and a website.             

D. A video seller with a big website but no stores.

65  What did many traditional companies do in the mid 1990’s?                .

A .They went out of business.              B. They made their websites. 

C. They bought Internet companies.         D. They sold their companies.

66  What gave Internet companies lots of trouble in the late 1990’s?.               

A. Heavy competition                  B. They were short of money.   

C. They didn’t know what to do.          D. people didn’t believe in them.

67 . “Brick and click” companies are so successful because______.               

A. people trust them                  B. their names are easy to remember   

C. they are experienced               D. all the above

68 . Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. All the “brick and click” companies run a successful business.

B. “Brick and click” companies are certain to win the business competition.

C. It is uncertain whether “brick and click” companies will win the competition.

D. Both “brick and click” companies and Internet companies will be successful in the future.