问题 问答题

已知A~I为初中化学常见的八种物质,且都含有相同的一种元素.A是一种单质;F俗称苏打,H中原子个数比为1:2:2.图中“→”表示两种物质之间能够发生化学反应,“-”代表两种物质之间存在转化关系.部分反应物或生成物已略去,根据你的推断,回答下列问题:

(1)写出下列物质的化学式:A______、F______;

(2)写出反应①、②的化学方程式:

①______、②______.

答案

F俗称苏打,因此F是碳酸钠;由H中原子个数比为1:2:2,可猜测物质为常见物质的碱类物质氢氧化钙;根据物质间关系图,F碳酸钠可以产生E,物质E能与物质H氢氧化钙发生反应,可推测E为二氧化碳;由于二氧化碳和氢氧化钙中都含氧元素,根据八种物质含有相同的元素的条件,可判定八种物质都含氧元素,且A是单质,因此A是氧气;根据A、B、E三种物质间的“三角关系”符合氧气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳三种物质的转化关系,且A可转化成B,则可判断B为一氧化碳;根据物质E二氧化碳的性质,可推测D物质可能为碳酸钙;碳酸钙可以和酸反应产生G-水,水和二氧化碳反应产生碳酸;水和氧化钙反应产生H时氢氧化钙;氢氧化钙和碳酸钠都可以产生I,因此I是氢氧化钠;因此:

(1)A是氧气,化学式为:O2;F是碳酸钠,化学式为:Na2CO3

(2)①是二氧化碳与水发生化合反应生成碳酸(H2CO3),反应的方程式为:CO2+H2O═H2CO3

②是氢氧化钙与碳酸钠发生复分解反应生成碳酸钙沉淀和氢氧化钠,反应的方程式为:Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3═2NaOH+CaCO3↓.

故答案为:(1)O2;Na2CO3;(2)①CO2+H2O═H2CO3;②Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3═2NaOH+CaCO3↓.

单项选择题
阅读理解

“Slow City” — a recently launched project focused on preserving the traditional quality of life enjoyed in some of Italy’s smaller cities and towns. The project was born from the idea of the “Slow Food” movement — started in Italy in the 1980s — which promotes leisurely eating and the growing of local, healthy products to fight against the American fast-food style.

“The American urban model has invaded our cities, making Italian towns look the same. We want to stop this kind of globalization,” says Paolo Saturnini, an Italian mayor.

The “Slow City” project plans to emphasize the rich, cultural, culinary(厨房的) and artistic local traditions of each community.

Walking areas will be enlarged and squares and parks will be made greener with more plants. Car alarms and other noise that disturbs the peace will be banned, and ugly TV aerials(天线), advertising posters, and signs will be taken down.

City councils will also insist on the use of recycling and renewable energy sources, and will also introduce ecological transport systems. Parking will be made stress-free by creating more public parking areas, and easily accessible walkways and bike lanes will cross the city. But in the “Slow City” way, all improvements will probably come about slowly.

Thirty-two Italian city councils, which joined the “Slow City” program, have decided to take further steps in this direction by increasing the numbers of traditional family-style eating establishments, reducing noise pollution, and concentrating on making their towns friendlier for people to live in.

Organic local produce will be promoted in all restaurants and genetically modified foods(转基因食品) will be banned. “We can’t stop large, fast-food chains from coming here, but we hope that people who come to our towns will not want to eat exactly the same hamburger they can eat in Melbourne, London or Paris, but want something genuine and different,” said Saturnini.

小题1:According to the passage, the “Slow City” project aims at _____.

A.preventing Italy from being affected by America

B.beautifying the environment of small Italian cities and towns

C.calling on Italians to enjoy stress-free life

D.protecting the traditional Italian lifestyle小题2:From Paragraphs 4-5, we can infer that ______.

A.cars in “Slow City” will have to go slowly

B.people can park their cars free of charge in “Slow City”

C.“Slow City” will take on an environmentally friendly look

D.advertising in “Slow City” will be banned小题3:Further measures will be included in the “Slow City” program EXCEPT _____.

A.cutting down noise pollution

B.stop genetically modified foods

C.getting more towns involved in the project

D.building more family-style restaurants小题4:In Saturnini’s opinion, when traveling in “Slow Cities”, visitors_____.

A.aren’t provided with fast food

B.will see few fast-food chains

C.can enjoy themselves like in London

D.can enjoy real Italian-style healthy food