问题 问答题 论述题

试述布鲁纳的认知结构学习理论。

答案

参考答案:

①对学习实质的认识 

学习的实质在于主动形成认知结构。布鲁纳把认知结构定义为反映事物间稳定联系的内部认知系统,是用来感知和概括新事物的一般方式,它是在过去经验的基础上形成的,并在学习过程中不断变动。(3分)认知结构形成后是进一步学习和理解新知识的重要内部因素和基础。 

②对学习过程的认识 

布鲁纳认为学习是一个主动形成和发展认知结构的过程,是在内在动机的推动下,学习者主动对新知识加以选择、转换、储存和应用的过程。认为学习过程可以分为知识的获得;知识的转化;知识的评价三个几乎同时发生的过程。

选择题
完形填空

Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest___36___ out of our Polynesian Village resort(度假胜地)at Walt Disney was asked how she ___37___ her visit. She told the front-desk clerk she had had a (n) ___38___ vacation, but was heartbroken about ___39___ several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet ___40___. At that moment she was particularly ___41___ over the loss of the pictures she had shot at our Polynesian Luau, 42___ this was a memory she especially treasured.

Now, please understand that we have no written service rules___43___ lost photos in the park. 44___, the clerk at the front desk___45___ Disney’s idea of caring for our ___46___. She asked the woman to leave her a couple rolls of ___47___ film, promising she would take care of the rest of our show at Polynesian Luau.

Two weeks later the guest received a ___48___at her home. In it were photos of all the actors of our show, 49___ signed by each performer. There were also ___50___ of the public procession(游行队伍)and fireworks in the park, taken by the front-desk clerk in her own ___51___ after work. I happened to know this ___52___ because this guest wrote us a letter. She said that ___53___ in her life had she received such good service from any business.

Excellent ___54___ does not come from policy (政策性的)handbooks. It comes from people who ___55___ —and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.

36. A. working       B. checking    C. trying D. staying

37. A. expected      B. realized      C. paid    D. enjoyed

38. A. disappointing      B. wonderful  C. uncomfortable   D. important

39. A. taking   B. dropping    C. losing D. breaking

40. A. developed    B. taken  C. washed       D. loaded

41. A. silly     B. nervous      C. calm   D. sad

42. A. when    B. where C. as       D. which

43. A. covering      B. finding       C. making      D. keeping

44. A. Excitedly     B. Fortunately C. Therefore   D. Quietly

45. A. understood   B. reminded    C. trusted       D. discovered

46. A. workers       B. guests C. managers    D. clerks

47. A. printed B. shot    C. unused       D. recorded

48. A. film     B. card    C. camera       D. packet

49. A. frequently    B. personally  C. alone  D. actually

50. A. rules     B. pictures      C. handbooks  D. performances

51. A. case      B. work   C. time    D. position

52. A. story    B. place   C. photo  D. show

53. A. only     B. almost C. never  D. nearly

54. A. advice  B. experience  C. quality       D. service

55. A. care      B. serve   C. like     D. know