问题 完形填空
完形填空。
     Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space
flights are given plenty of work to keep them   1   . There are also constant communications with people on
the earth.    2  , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being   3   .
This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on   4   space flights in the
future. Will there be special problem of adjustment (调整) under such   5   ?
     Scientists have studied the reactions (反应) of men to one another during long submarine   6  . They have
found that the longer the voyage   7  , the more serious the problem of   8   is. When men are   9   together for
a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily
acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very   10   .
     Although no one wants to be  11  all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy(隐私). When people
are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual
amount of   12    or stress.
     People who are well-adjusted are able to   13   stress situations better than others. That is one reason why
so much   14   is taken in choosing our astronauts. These men undergo (经历) a long period of  15  and
training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.
( )1. A. tired   
( )2. A. So far   
( )3. A. alone    
( )4. A. long     
( )5. A. cases    
( )6. A. trips    
( )7. A. goes     
( )8. A. gas     
( )9. A. shut up 
( )10. A. pleasing 
( )11. A. noisy    
( )12. A. pleasure 
( )13. A. deal with
( )14. A. care   
( )15. A. checking
B. asleep         
B. After all     
B. lonely         
B. fast           
B. situations     
B. travels         
B. lasts          
B. entertainment  
B. held up       
B. annoying       
B. alone         
B. conflict       
B. create         
B. trouble       
B. observing    
C. awake      
C. However    
C. loneliness  
C. dangerous  
C. degrees     
C. voyages     
C. spends      
C. adjustment  
C. brought up  
C. frightening 
C. personal    
C. power      
C. affect      
C. effort      
C. testing     
D. busy             
D. Therefore      
D. off              
D. direct         
D. conditions       
D. visits           
D. costs            
D. health           
D. picked up        
D. amazing          
D. single           
D. pressure         
D. work with        
D. notice           
D. examining      
答案

1-5: DCAAD 6-10: CBCAB 11-15: BDAAC

单项选择题
单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

11()

A.why

B.when

C.wherever

D.whereas