问题 问答题

已知某工业投资项目有两个备选的方案,其相关资料如下:
(1)A方案的资料如下:
项目原始投资650万元,其中:固定资产投资 500万元,流动资金投资100万元,其余为无形资产投资。全部投资的来源均为自有资金。该项目建设期为2年,经营期为10年。除流动资金投资在第2年末投入外,其余投资均于建设起点一次投入。
固定资产的寿命期为10年,按直线法折旧,期满有40万元的净残值,无形资产投资从投产年份起分10年摊销完毕,流动资金于终结点一次收回。
预计项目投产后,每年发生的相关营业收入(不含增值税)和经营成本分别为380万元和129万元,所得税率为25%。
(2)B方案的净现金流量为:NCF0=-500万元,NCF1~6=161.04万元
要求:
(1)计算该项目A方案的下列指标:
①项目计算期;②固定资产原值;③固定资产年折旧;④无形资产投资额;⑤无形资产年摊销额;⑥经营期每年总成本;⑦经营期每年息税前利润;⑧经营期每年息前税后利润;⑨计算期末的回收额;⑩各年净现金流量。
(2)如果按14%的行业基准折现率计算,A方案净现值为多少,请据此评价该方案的财务可行性。
(3)请计算B方案的净现值,并据此评价该方案的财务可行性。
(4)利用方案重复法比较两方案的优劣。
(5)利用最短计算期法比较两方案的优劣(计算结果均保留两位小数)。

答案

参考答案:

(1)计算的A方案指标如下:

①项目计算期=2+10=12(年)

②固定资产原值=500+0=500(万元)

④无形资产投资额=650-500-100=50(万元)

⑥经营期每年总成本=129+46+5=180(万元)

⑦经营期每年息税前利润=380-180=200(万元)

⑧经营期每年息前税后利润=200×(1-25%)=150(万元)

⑨期末的回收额=100+40=140(万元)

⑩净现金流量:

NCF0=-(500+50)=-550(万元)

NCF1=0

NCF2=-100万元

NCF3~11=150+46+5=201(万元)

NCF12=201+140=341(万元)

(2)A方案的净现值=-550-100×(P/F,14%,2)+201×[(P/A,14%,12)-(P/ A,14%,2)]+140×(P/F,14%,12)=-550-100×0.7695+201×(5.6603-1.6467)+140×0.2076=208.85(万元)

因为A方案的净现值大于零,所以该方案具有财务可行性。

(3)B方案的净现值NPV=-500+161.4×(P/A,14%,6)=-500+161.04×3.8887=126.24(万元)

因为B方案的净现值大于0,所以该方案具有财务可行性。

(4)最小公倍数为12

A方案调整后的净现值=208.85(万元)

B方案调整后的净现值=126.24+126.24×(P/ F,14%,6)=126.24+126.24×0.4556=183.75(万元)

因为183.75万元小于208.85万元

所以A方案优于B方案,应当选择A方案。

(5)A方案调整后的净现值=[208.85/(P/A,14%,12))×(P/A,14%,6)=(208.85/5.6603)×3.8887=143.48(万元)

B方案调整后的净现值=原净现值=126.24万元

因为126.24万元小于143.48万元

所以A方案优于B方案,应当选择A方案。

阅读理解

Having put down your pens at the end of the college entrance exam, you have ended 12 years of hard study. Forget your studies for a while. It’s time to enjoy yourselves!

There are many ways to celebrate this special month of graduation. You can have photos taken with your classmates and teachers, or dine out together and exchange gifts.

High school students in Western countries such as the United States and Canada usually have a prom to mark their graduation. It’s to mark the time kids turn into young men and women. After the prom, teenagers either go to college or find a job. It means they are no longer as dependent on their parents as they were before.

At the prom, boys usually dress in dinner jackets and bow ties, though many different types of formal clothes are worn. Traditionally, girls give boys matching boutonnieres ( 佩带在扣眼上的花). Girls traditionally wear formal dresses, or dress to shock or be noticed, in shiny or brightly colored materials.

Common prom activities include dining, dancing, the crowning (加冠) of a prom king and queen, and just talking to friends.  In some cases, high school students collect funds for their class prom through the four years of their high school.

High schools in or near large cities may rent ballrooms at expensive hotels or, to be unusual, in a pleasure cruise boat.

But often costs are cut by simply using the school gym. Students make a lot of effort to decorate the gym to make the event special. The music played at the prom will be the most popular kinds, like rock and hip-hop.

The students elect the Prom Queen. She is partnered with a Prom King who is elected similarly. These are great honors that the pair take very seriously. The two dance with each other to celebrate their election.

小题1:The word "prom" is probably closest in meaning with________.

A.a party to celebrate graduation

B.a dancing competition

C.a fashion show

D.an election ceremony小题2:Which of the following is an economical way to hold the prom?

A.Renting a ballroom.

B.Taking a cruise boat.

C.Holding it in the school gym.

D.Wearing informal dresses.小题3: What clearly indicates that prom is very important to students?

A.Music is played at the prom.

B.They take pictures at the prom.

C.The King and Queen dance with each other.

D.They wear formal clothes or special clothes.小题4:For what do the students just talk to friends at a prom?

A.They don’t want to get help from their parents.

B.They will part with their friends in a short time.

C.They don’t like to be accompanied by their parents.

D.They want to be elected by their friends as the Prom King or Queen.小题5:How is the prom significant to the students?

A.They can be relieved from the study pressure.

B.They are going to say goodbye to their friends.

C.They have chances to be elected as the Prom King or Queen.

D.The prom marks the graduation and after it they will be independent.

判断题