问题 单项选择题

在一次聚会上,10个吃了水果色拉的人中,有5个很快出现了明显的不适。吃剩的色拉立刻被送去检验。检验的结果不能肯定其中存在超标的有害细菌。因此,食用水果色拉不是造成食用者不适的原因。
如果上述检验结果是可信的,则以下哪项对上述论证的评价最为恰当

A.题干的论证是成立的。

B.题干的论证有漏洞,因为它把事件的原因,当做该事件的结果。

C.题干的论证有漏洞,因为它没有考虑到这种可能性:那些吃了水果色拉后没有很快出现不适的人,过不久也出现了不适。

D.题干的论证有漏洞,它把缺少证据证明某种情况存在,当做有充分证据证明某种情况不存在。

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 不能肯定送检物中存在超标的有害细菌,不等于否定送检物中不存在超标的有害细菌。而只有否定送检物中不存在超标的有害细菌,才能得出结论:食用水果色拉不是造成食用者不适的原因。因此,题干论证的漏洞是:把缺少证据证明某种情况存在,当作有充分证据证明某种情况不存在。

单项选择题
单项选择题

The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the year as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.

The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a p expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Finally, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.

The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.

The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run-- remained a familiar one.- to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.

The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show()

A. the continuing expansion of the economy

B. the growth of consumer purchasing power

C.the consumers’ confidence in the economy

D.the soaring consumer incomes for spending