问题 单项选择题

进程调度又称为低级调度,其主要功能是 (18)

A.选择一个作业调入内存

B.选择一个主存中的进程调出到外存

C.选择一个外存中的进程调入主存

D.将一个就绪的进程投入运行

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

[分析]:
本题考查进程调度的概念。
进程有3种基本状态,即就绪态、运行态和阻塞态。
(1)就绪态。指进程分配到除处理机以外的必需的资源(已经具备了执行的条件)的状态。进程被创建后处于就绪态,处于就绪态的进程可以有多个。
(2)执行态。指进程占有处理机正在CPU上运行的状态。在单CPU系统中,每一时刻只有一个进程处于运行态。
(3)阻塞态。指进程因等待某个事件的发生而放弃处理机进入等待状态。系统中处于这种状态的进程可以有多个。
进程调度是将一个就绪的进程转换到运行态。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Social control refers to social processes, planned or unplanned, by which people are taught, persuaded, or forced to conform to norms. In every society, some punishments or negative sanctions are established for deviant behavior. Without deviant behavior there would not be need for social control and without social control there would not be a way of recognizing the boundary between the acceptable and the unacceptable.Social control may be either formal or informal. Informal mechanisms include expressions of disapproval by significant others and withholding of positive rewards for disapproved behavior. Most people internalize norms in the course of socialization. This is any group’’s most powerful protection against deviance, in that the individual’’s own conscience operates as an agent of social control. When informal sanctions fail, formal agents of social control may be called upon. In contemporary society, such formal agents and agencies include psychiatry and other mental health professions; mental hospitals; police and courts of law; prisons; and social welfare agencies. All these formal agents function to limit, correct, and control violation of norms. Conflict theorists would also point out that social control agents and systems tend, in any society, to serve the interests of powerful groups and to enforce the norms most beneficial to those who make the rules and who, therefore, define unacceptable behavior.Social control, whether formal or informal, has a dual function. First, it punishes the wrongdoer and reaffirms the boundaries of acceptable behavior. Second, and less recognized, it regu lates the manner in which deviants are treated.

Formal agents of social control include the following EXCEPT________.

A.police stations

B.mental hospitals

C.welfare agencies

D.vocational schools