问题 问答题 案例分析题

993年5月,A市某商店(集体单位)经理邵某找到该市财政局综合计划科科长马某,要求其为自己的朋友、B县装璜公司(集体单位)经理李某提供一笔财政贷款。马某听后表示,按市里的规定,自己掌握的贷款只能贷给本市国有单位,但可以先贷给虽为集体单位但却同在A市的邵某经营的商店,再由邵某转借给李某的公司。邵某告知马某借款方许诺还款期为一年,年息20%,如果财政收取的利息低,则“利差”全部归马某,马某提出与邵某平分。二人达成约定。同年6月,马某凭借财政局所赋予的签订借贷合同权与邵某所在商店签订50万元借款合同,但未按有关规定向财政局领导汇报。随后,马某将款汇往该商店,邵某收款后又将这50万元以集资的名义汇往李某的装璜公司,并约定集资期限一年,利率为20%。1994年5月,马某要求邵某支付,约定,的“利差,”,于是,邵某将李某公司汇给自己的10万元利息转汇到马某指定的账户上。1995年5月,马某和邵某将这10万元平分,二人各得5万元。后案发,马某被依法逮捕。

【问题】此案如此定性?

答案

参考答案:

马某的行为完全符合受贿罪的构成要件。刑法第385条第一款规定:“国家工作人员利用职务上的便利,索取他人财物的,或者非法收受他人财物,为他人谋取利益的,是受贿罪。”反观本案,马某作为市财政局综合计划科科长,显然属于国家工作人员范畴;利用自己掌握的签订财政贷款合同的权力,违规为他人提供贷款,同时收受他人以“利差”名义给予的5万元好处,说明其既有主观上的故意,符合受贿罪的主观方面的要求,又实施了收受好处(且数额较大)并为他人谋取利益的行为,符合受贿罪的客观方面的要件,加之其行为确实侵犯了国家工作人员的不可收买性和国家公务行为的公正、廉洁,因而毫无疑问马某的行为构成受贿罪,应依刑法第三百八十五条和其他相关条文定罪量刑。对于将马某的行为定为受贿,持“贪污罪”观点的人还有一种不同意见,即:马某和邵某所分的10万元可能还包括了应偿付给财政局的那部分利息,如果仅将马某的行为定为受贿,则难免以偏概全。实际上,在这种情况下,马某的行为属于刑法罪数中的想象竞合犯,也就是行为人基于一个罪过,实施一个危害行为,而同时触犯数个罪名的情况。由于想象竞合缺乏数罪的客观基础而只是形式上的数罪,刑法理论和司法实践多主张采用“从一重罪处断”的原则办理,而不实行数罪并罚。本案中马某收取5万元的主观动机只是利用手中签订贷款合同的权力,从他人那里谋取好处,事实上也只实施了与邵某各分5万元这一个行为;同时,由于财政贷款的法定利息较低,财政局应得的利息收入在马某5万元受贿金额中所占比例微不足道,因此根据对想象党合犯“从一重罪处断”的原则,应依受贿罪名起诉马某。

选择题
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A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. “One week later,” Loftus says, “we told those people we'd fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节): “You got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream.” The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory through leading questions—Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they'd avoid eating it.

When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. False memories appear to work only for foods you don't eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even if a doctor believes it's for the patient's benefit.

Loftus says there's nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. “I say, wake up—parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that's a more moral lie. Decide that for yourself.”

72. Why did Loftus ask the volunteers to answer some questions?

A. To improve her computer program.           B. To find out their attitudes towards food.

C. To find out details she can make use of             D. To predict what food they'll like in the future.

73. What did Loftus find out from her research?

A. People believe what the computer tells them.

B. People can be led to believe in something false.

C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.

D. People are not always aware of their personalities.

74. According to the study, people may stop having a certain food if they ________.

A. learn it is harmful for health                          

B. lie to themselves that they don't want it

C. are willing to let doctors control their minds

D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it

75. What is the biggest concern with the method?

A. Whether it is moral.                                B. Who it is best for.

C. When it is effective.                                D. How it should be used.