问题 问答题

(一)阅读下文,完成1—6题。(17分)  ①近年来,艺术史研究者越来越清楚地认识到,对艺术品的理解和研究,不能局限于图像、风格等艺术范围之内,还应拓展到作品的物质性特征和存在方式。如果对中国传统的“卷轴”这一装裱方式加以考察,我们就会发现,这种物质性特征常常是文化精神的某种映射。  ②把卷轴和西方油画的装饰形式进行比较,两者的不同显而易见。油画完成后被嵌入硬质的四边画框,意味着一种强制性的“展开”,体现出对静态的空间的占有意识。而中国书画所采用的卷轴形制,则自然引出一个“敛合”的结果。敛合意味着对空间尽可能的放弃,却隐含了时间性的要求。  ③卷轴提供的形制,保障了舒卷的权力和自由,而在长幅横式的卷轴作品中,舒卷过程本身就是观看活动的一个介入因素:它拒绝对全幅作即时性的呈现,而对观看范围进行必要的控制,使观看成为一个历时性的过程。具体而言,这类作品展示时,作品左侧部分随着观看的进行被陆续打开,与此同时,右侧部分则被不断收起,观看者视野所及,就是“舒”和“卷”所呈现的自然范围(约为一个手臂的长度)。这种观看方式,要求作品在展示过程中体现出“段落感”,以使观看者视野中的图像保持一个相对完整而又不完全重复的空间,这样的段落空间是逐步呈现和不断变换的,因而是由时间统领和支配之下的空间。这是此类卷轴作品与静态展示的油画作品的重要差别。  ④考察卷轴的敛合形制,我们会进一步联想到收藏的行为,因为敛合也正是收藏的一个基本动作。

卷轴所支持的敛合形制,可使作品避免因长期暴露在空气和光线中而受到损伤,也暗示了对作品时间性要求的尽力满足。  ⑤敛合的意义还不止于此,它还可能是对观看者进行挑选的一种方式。卷轴的形制所隐含的既不是无条件的展示,也不是全然不允许观看,它暗示着古代士大夫艺术活动中那种“限制性”的观赏。“更起粉墙高百尺,莫令门外俗人看”,宋人孙少述这两句诗对理解这个问题或许有点帮助。该诗的题目是“栽竹”,考虑到竹子清幽绝俗的文化品性极其与文人墨客的精神关联,我们完全可以把这样的诗句看作古人艺术观念的隐喻。“粉墙”象征着艺术家及收藏者与世俗阶层的趣味隔阂,他们通过粉墙圈筑出自己的庭院,就等于塑造了趣味的共同体,正如布迪厄所说:“趣味是分等级的,它会区分出不同的级别群体。被分成不同等级的社会主体,通过自身制造的区阂,会在美与丑、杰出与庸俗之间区分自己。”  ⑥既然这样的粉墙是由栽竹人有意构筑起来的,墙内的景观也就成了一种阶层身份的表征。当作品舒展开来的时候,它面对的不可能是公众,相反,其展示常常带有私密的色彩。通过大量的古代文献和图像资料可以知道,艺术品的展示通常是在一个称作“雅集”的小型私人聚会中进行,被邀请的观看者则一般是文人名士。而将一件艺术品长时间地置于众目睽睽之下,不仅不是慷慨之举,反倒可能被视为不谙风雅的行为。 (选自姜勇《舒卷的粉墙》,有删改)

分析第②段画线句在结构上的作用。(3分)

答案

参考答案:画线句承上启下,承接上文油画的装饰方式体现静态空间占有的内容,引出下文关于卷轴所隐含的时间性要求的阐释。

解析:解析:本题考查把握文中重要句子的作用。注意审题,是“结构上”的作用。

解答题
单项选择题

Skin Care

护肤

The eyes are described as the windows of the soul, the mouth as the courier of thought, and the nose as the servant of olfaction. The skin is just the frame to the picture. Unfortunately, many judge themselves according to this frame. They could either have feelings of content or censure of their own physical features. Good health and self-esteem go hand-in-hand during the process of exercising and establishing good health habits. The skin’s clarity of ache, wrinkles, and sunburns is merely assistance to their stature of confidence. Having healthy skin is a step to confidence. Becoming worry-free of appearances is practicing good sleeping, eating, and drinking habits that lead to the success of a healthy looking person. Adolescents need about 8-10 hours of sleep a night, and adults need less than that. However, the body needs to rest and save energy for ongoing activities. Eating properly from the four basic food groups maintains the balance of proteins and nutrients. Fluid consumption of water is more recommended by doctors than the choice of soft drinks that are out on the market. Water provides plenty of water that is the key to have that fresh natural look. When actress, Rebecca Gayheart, (the commercial model of Noxema)was interviewed by Shape magazine in the 1998 November issue, she said, "My beauty routine is basically plenty of sleep and lots of water. " Exercising regularly will circulate blood and keep skin firm and toned. Getting involved in an activity that a person enjoys, and they are most likely to be happy and look more healthy. Having to be the largest organ of the human body, the skin’s main function is to protect the body from microbes. Because of the large coverage of the skin over the body, it would be encouraged to take care of its texture and form. Many desire healthy looking skin that is smooth and firm. The attraction for this desire makes the market place booming with industry in order to fulfil the consumers’ desire. Viewers at home can be guaranteed to see some type of commercial advertisement on TV that focuses on the integument and appendages of hair, make-up, lotions, or nail products. Keeping the face clear promotes good self-esteem and confidence to one’s appearance. Good skin can save time from make-up. When a girl wants to step out for a night of the town, the pimples and blemishes on her face will be the last thing that she will be conscious of. Little things can be erupted from something so miniscule. The first thing to combat would be the pores. Pores are what allows the skin to breathe. If pores were to be blocked by dirt, oil, or make-up, unwanted ache would take place. Avoid wearing make-up to sleep and touching the face when hands are dirty. Pores can be kept clean if washed daily, by using a soft facial cleanser versus the usage of deodorant soaps. Whenever heading for the pool or a day out in the sun, never forget to protect your skin from hazardous Ultraviolet (UV)rays. By overexposure to Ultraviolet rays, you’re more likely to develop cancer. Through the appliance of sunscreen upon the exposed skin, and underneath make-up we can decrease the odds are more likely to be in your favor. Do not go out and tan, because that ruins the outer membranes. The high percentage of risk upon skin cancer is a large fear.

In "the skin’s main function is to protect the body from microbes", the word "microbe" is most likely in the meaning of().

A. insect

B. bacterium

C. sun beam

D. dirt