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怎样以传媒结构变化划分新闻事业的发展?

答案

参考答案:

单一媒体传播的报业阶段。从1609年第一张铅印新闻纸《报道或新闻报》诞生于德国,到1920年世界第一座广播电台在美国匹兹堡建成开播,中间经历的300余年的时间,世界新闻事业一直处于单一媒体的报业阶段,惟有报纸一家独霸。多种媒体共存的大众传播阶段,新闻事业发展到20世纪的初期,媒体结构发生了重大变化。20年代有了广播,30年代有了电视,这两种电子媒介与报纸一起形成三足鼎立的传媒多元结构与格局,再加上通讯社。新闻杂志,新闻记录电影等新闻传播形式、新闻事业进入了多种媒体共存的大众传播阶段。多种媒体综合一体的网络传播阶段。在多种媒体并存的半个世纪,媒体间的融合已经显示为一种必然趋势,缺的只是技术条件。当网络技术在20世纪80年代末期成熟用于新闻传播时,多种媒介综合一体的历史新阶段就到来了。

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The following is a text about the perpetual motion machine. In the paragraphs with numbers, the supporting details, data or facts have been omitted and are listed following the text in random order. Match each of the details with the statement it supports.
Perpetual Motion Machine is a fascinating and long-discussed topic that moves well beyond the scope of physics. In short, a perpetual motion machine can be likened to a magic cow that continues to live and breathe and yet needs no sustenance. A perpetual motion engine installed in a car would continue to run indefinitely but would need neither gas tank nor petrol. Of course, as a perpetual motion machine is in violation of natural laws, it will likely never move out of the realm of imagination and into reality. When the phrase " perpetual motion machine " is entered into Google’s search engine, 34,400 items are returned. Of these 34,400 items, the forty-first to the forty-fifth hold reasonable interest and will be further discussed herein.
41. Myths and legends
Long before the advent of the steam engine, human beings have ruminated on the possibility of a perpetual motion machine. Throughout history, many have attempted to invent such a device, though none have thus far been successful.
42. Fame and glory
Some people hold that any inventor attempting to create a perpetual motion machine must only be in it for credit and accolades, wishing to be the first in his field to discover the much-coveted secret.
43. Wealth and riches
It is also suspected by some that those seeking to unlock the mystery of perpetual motion machine must be motivated by the monetary rewards. If such a device were to fall into popular use, the inventor would be a wealthy man indeed.
44. Antics and capers
Even some of those who are aware of the impossibility of perpetual motion machine have invented something similar under the guise of perpetual motion machine in order to tease us.
45. Deception and trickery
Some people, though fully aware that they are incapable of inventing a perpetual motion machine, persist in arguing that they can with the intention of scamming us.
Though the perpetual motion machine is a dream long-sought after by the scientific community, it is improbable that it will ever be realized. We can, however, pour our resources into researching more practical energy conserving forms of power such as geothermal, hydro-electric, and solar power solutions.
[A] Inventor K declared, " The experiments with perpetual motion are on the verge of success. My products will soon be distributed throughout the world and used in a wide range of industrial applications. When that happens, my company will expand exponentially. I’ll make a fortune! "
[B] Inventor F told me excitedly, " Some complex details are currently under discussion to unearth the key to perpetual motion. If my experiment proves to be effectual, I will become a Nobel Prize winner. You know, the ceremony is held annually in Sweden and is broadcasted live to every corner of the globe. " It is no great wonder that Inventor F espoused enthusiasm. A functional perpetual motion machine is a wonder that would be marveled at for generations to come.
[C] In ancient China there was an extremely adroit man by the name of Zhu Geliang. It is said that he constructed a wooden horse which could walk unaided and could be used in the transportation of military supplies. As no records of this occurrence have been found, this tale has passed into legend.
[D] One of the closest things to a perpetual motion engine was the one installed on the Traveler 1 spacecraft, the first spaceship in human history to fly beyond the edges of our solar system. Though Traveler’s engine is able to Fun without maintenance for many years, it still requires energy—nuclear energy. So, strictly speaking, Traveler 1 does not run on a perpetual motion engine, but in fact needs energy as do all other machines.
[E] Mr, Goofy announced that he had effectively diagrammed the first perpetual motion machine. When a private corporate party purchased the patent, they found to their dismay that manufacturing it according to the design layout was technically infeasible. Furious, they sued Mr. Goofy for fraud, but even in the courtroom, Mr. Goofy would not be shamed. He simply retorted, " I’m just joking around. "
[F] Tom, proudly proclaiming that he had invented a clock that ran on perpetual motion, and had it placed in the central square of his town. The clock, he said, would work perfectly despite a lack of springs in the internal mechanism. A scientist later ascertained the secret and revealed it to the townspeople: the clock had been cleverly devised to run on temperature differentials.