问题 填空题

(1)用化学符号表示

①氮分子_____,②碘原子______,③亚铁离子______,④铵根_______,

⑤氯化镁中镁元素显+2价_____,⑥含氧量最高的氧化物____。

(2)某元素的原子结构示意图如图,则该原子形成的离子的质子数是__、核外有___个电子层、最外电子层上有__个电子。如果该原子的相对原子质量是23,则该原子的中子数是___。

(3)化学世界千变万化,请写出下列反应的文字表达式,并用序号填空。

①加热碳酸氢铵固体_______________________________________________,

②加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的固体混合物_______________________________,

③氢气在氧气中燃烧_______________________________________________。

以上反应中属于化合反应的有____ (填序号)。

答案

(1)①N2  ②I  ③Fe2+  ④NH4+  ⑤MgCl2  ⑥H2O2

(2)11、  2、  8。 12。

(3)①碳酸氢铵氨气+水+二氧化碳

②氯酸钾氯化钾+氧气

③氢气+氧气  水  ③

题目分析:(1)根据原子的表示方法:直接化学式来表示,表示多个分子就在其前面加上数字,因此氮分子表示为:N2; 根据原子的表示方法:用元素符号来表示一个原子,表示多个该原子,就在其元素符号前加上相应的数字.因此碘原子 表示为:I;根据离子的表示方法:在表示该离子的元素符号右上角,标出该离子所带的正负电荷数,数字在前,正负符号在后,带1个电荷时,1要省略.若表示多个该离子,就在其元素符号前加上相应的数字;因此亚铁离子表示为:Fe2+;铵根离子表示为:NH4+;根据元素化合价的表示方法:确定出化合物中所要标出的元素的化合价,然后在其化学式该元素的上方用正负号和数字表示,正负号在前,数字在后,因此氯化镁中镁元素显+2价表示为:含氧量最高的氧化物为双氧水,其化学式为H2O2;(2)在原子结构示意图中圆圈内的数字为质子数,可知质子数为11,核外为电子数也为11;但变为离子时要失去最外层电子,从而达到稳定结构,所以变为钠离子时有2层电子,最外层为8个电子;根据质量数=质子数+中子数,所以中子数为23-11=12;(3)碳酸氢铵在加热条件下反应生成氨气、水和二氧化碳,该反应的文字表达式为:碳酸氢铵氨气+水+二氧化碳;氯酸钾在二氧化锰的催化作用下生成氯化钾和氧气,反应的文字表达式为:氯酸钾氯化钾+氧气;氢气和氧气在点燃条件下反应生成水该反应的文字表达式为:氢气+氧气水,前两个反应都是有一种物质反应生成两种物质,不符合化合反应的概念,因此不属于化合反应.;第三个反应由两种物质反应生成一种物质,符合化合反应的概念,因此属于化合反应.

选择题
阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

     Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized

countries. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more

than 10,000 years ago. 1_______

     The scientists say that human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with

these changes in lifestyle and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. 2_______ They are called "diseases

of civilization". Many cancers and diseases of the blood system arc examples of such diseases.

     The scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little

alcohol or tobacco, probably none. 3_______ However, a change in food is one of the main differences

between life in ancient times and that today.

     Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat,which had much less fat than domestic (驯养的)

ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products,

and they made very little use of grains. 4_______ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors and we

eat more sugar as well. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein (蛋白质) and much

less vitamin C. 

     5_______ But the scientists say that we would be much healthier if we cat much the same way the

ancient people did, cutting the amount of fat, salty and sweet food.

A. Stone Age people lived a simple life without any meat.

B. But today, we enjoy eating a lot of these.

C. In that case, they would live a much healthier life.

D. Ancient people also got lots of physical exercise.

E. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.

F. People today probably don't want to live like our ancestors.

G. Modern people used to suffer from "diseases of civilization".