问题 实验题

在探究滑动摩擦力与什么因素有关的实验中,

(1)木块在水平放置的毛巾、木板、棉布的表面上运动时必须保持_____________运动,根据_________的原理,得到摩擦力的大小。

(2)分析以下实验数据,比较1、2得出的结论是:______________________________   _______;比较2、3、4得出结论是:                                              

 

答案

匀速直线

二力平衡

压力一定时,表面越粗糙,滑动摩擦力越大

粗糙程度一定时,压力越大,滑动摩擦力越大

(1)实验中研究的是木块受到的滑动摩擦力的大小,弹簧测力计测量的是木块的受到的拉力,只有木块做匀速直线运动时拉力的大小才等于摩擦力;

(2)对比不同次数实验中的接触面材料、压力大小、滑动摩擦力的大小,结合控制变量法结论的一般思路就可以得出结论;

解答:解:(1)用弹簧测力计匀速拉动木块时,木块做匀速直线运动受到的力是平衡力,根据二力平衡的知识,此时摩擦力的大小等于弹簧测力计对木块拉力的大小;

(2)比较1、2两次实验可知,两次实验的接触面粗糙程度相同,但压力的大小不同,压力大的滑动摩擦力大,

故可得结论:接触面粗糙程度一定(或相同)时,压力越大,滑动摩擦力越大.

比较2、3、4三次实验可知,三次实验的压力大小相等,但接触面粗糙程度不同,接触面越粗糙滑动摩擦力越大,

故可得结论:压力一定(或相同)时,接触面越粗糙,滑动摩擦力越大.

故答案为:(1)匀速直线;二力平衡;(2)接触面粗糙程度一定(或相同)时,压力越大,滑动摩擦力越大;压力一定(或相同)时,接触面越粗糙,滑动摩擦力越大.

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单项选择题


Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America’s first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America aboard a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley’s twin 15-year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually, Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.
At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have "Mrs. Wheatley’s Phyllis" read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer’s three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis’s poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren’t interested.
Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in 1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.

It can be inferred that Phyllis’s trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773 ______.

A.did not improve her health

B.was for business reasons

C.led to books of her poems being available in America

D.led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interested in religious and moral subjects